crude oil

Question 1

what is crude oil?

Answer 1

a finite resource found in rocks. the remains of ancient biomasses, mainly plankton

Question 2

how does crude oil form? (5 points b)

Answer 2

• plankton and other living organisms die and fall to the ocean floor
• 50-500 million years, remains are covered in mud and sand
• high temperature and pressure converts mud/sand into rock, and remains of living organisms into crude oil.
• oil is less dense than water, meaning it moves upward through any porous rock
• oil becomes trapped under a layer of non-porous rock, then oil traps extract it

Question 3

why should we stop using crude oil?

Answer 3

noise pollution
oil spills
greenhouse gases
geopolitical tensions
finite resource
destruction of habitat

Question 4

a hydrocarbon is:

Answer 4

a molecule that is made up of hydrogen and carbon only.

Question 5

first four alkanes and formulae

Answer 5

methane - CH2
ethane - C2H6
propane - C3H8
butane - C4H10

Question 6

alkanes

Answer 6

alkanes have a single c bond.
a molecule with the general formula: C (n) H (2n+2)

Question 7

what does increasing chain length mean for flammability?

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

what does increasing chain length mean for viscosity?

Answer 8

increases

Question 9

what does increasing chain length mean for the boiling point?

Answer 9

larger intermolecular forces mean they require more energy to break them, creating a higher boiling point.

Question 10

how is crude oil separated?

Answer 10

fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions by its’ boiling points.
- heat source
- flask
- fractionating column
- thermometer
- condensor
- distillate

Question 11

what type of structure is present in hydrocarbons?

Answer 11

simple covalent

Question 12

what does increasing chain length mean for viscocity??

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

what are some products // uses for crude oil?

Answer 13

• fuels (LPG, petrol, diesel)
• feedstock: a chemical that can be used to make other chemicals
  eg. solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents

Question 14

alkane uses

Answer 14

• gas
• gasoline
• kerosene
• diesel oil
• fuel oil

Question 15

fractions of crude oil?

lemons
pick
nachos
(to) kill
daringly
lest
(they)fly
back

Answer 15

• LPG (liquified petroleum gas)
• petrol
• naptha
• kerosene
• diesel
• lubricant
• fuel oil
• bitumen

Question 16

combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 16

releases water vapor and carbon dioxide

Question 17

incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 17

releases carbon monoxide and/or carbon // soot

Question 18

alkenes

Answer 18

hydrocarbons that contain a double carbon bond
more reactive than alkanes
C (n) H (2n)

Question 19

first four alkenes

Answer 19

ethene - C2H4
propene - C3H6
butene - C4H8
pentene - C5H10

Question 20

what is the test for alkenes?

Answer 20

when bromine water is added to an alkene, it reacts with the double bond in an addition reaction with a colour change from ORANGE TO COLOURLESS

Question 21

what is done to long chain alkanes?

Answer 21

split into smaller chain alkanes and alkenes via cracking

Question 22

what are alkenes useful for?

Answer 22

production of polymers and as feedstock

Question 23

what are some methods of cracking?

Answer 23

catalytic cracking (catalyst)
thermal cracking (high temperature and pressure)
steam cracking (mixing with steam at high temperatures)