acids! Flashcards
what is a salt?
- giant ionic structure
- conducts electricity when molten/dissolved in water
- solid at room temperature
- H+ ions of an acid are replaced by metal or ammonium ions.
eg. of a salt reaction
HCl + NaOH -> H2O + NaCl
H+ ion Metal ion Ion takes place of H+
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
SO4 2-
Sulfate
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Cl-
Chloride
Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
CH3COO-
Ethanoate
Nitric acid
HNO3
NO3 -
Nitrate
What is the ionic equation for any alkali (Hydroxide) + an acid?
H+ [aq] + OH- [aq] -> H2O [l]
Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals of XY from metal X and a dilute acid.
1 ) add 40cm^3 of acid Y to a beaker using a measuring cylinder.
2 ) Heat to 60C. Measure temperature with a thermometer.
3 ) Add Metal X and stir until ✨an excess is formed ✨
4 ) Filter out the excess Metal X with a ✨ filter-paper lined funnel ✨
5 ) Heat the solution in an evaporating dish to ✨CONCENTRATE THE SOLUTION ✨
6 ) Evaporate the water via leaving the dish in the direct sunlight for 2-3 working days
7 ) pat dry u dingus
MASH
WHAT DO U SEE DURING THE MASH
HOW DO YOU KNOW MASH EVEN HAPPENED #gaslight
METAL + ACID = SALT + HYDROGEN
EFFERVESCENCE + THE METAL DISAPPEARS
COLLECT THE GAS AND DESCRIBE THE SQUEAKY POP TEST
What is oxidisation?
The loss of electrons
What is reduction?
The gain of electrons
What is a biurette?
Adds precise volumes of liquid
What is pH?
A measure of the concentration of H+ ions. The lower the pH, the higher the concentration.
As the concentration decreases by a factor of 10, the pH is raised by 1.
What defines an acid’s strength?
Acids disassociate in water to make H+ ions.
Strong acids disassociate fully.
Weak acids partially disassociate.
What is an acid
A substance that fully disassociates in water to release H+ ions.
-> Disassociates partially / completely in water (if 2 marks.)
