Crucial Things to remember

Question 1

How does the structure of the Skeleton work?

Answer 1

Skeletal System allows movement at a joint. The shape and type of the bones determine the type of movement(Short bone enable fine/controlled movements/long bones enable gross movement). Flat bones for protection of vital organs. The different joint types allow different types of movement. The skeleton provides a point of attachment for muscles - when muscles contract they pull the bone.

Question 2

What are the functions of a skeleton?

Answer 2

Support. Protection of vital organs by flat bones. Movement. Structural shape and points for attachment. Mineral Storage. Blood Cell Production.

Question 3

Name the parts of a Synovial Joint?

Answer 3

Synovial Membrane, Synovial Fluid, Joint Capsule, Bursae, Cartilage, Ligaments.

Question 4

What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 4

A muscle contraction where the muscle changes length when it contracts, resulting in limb movement.

Question 5

What is an isometric muscle contraction?

Answer 5

A muscle contraction where the length of the muscle does not change when it contracts. There is no limb movement as a result.

Question 6

How can the isotonic contractions be?

Answer 6

The can be concentric (when the muscle contracts and shortens) or eccentric (when the muscle contracts and lengthens.

Question 7

Muscles to remember

Answer 7

Tibialis Anterior, Hip Flexors, Rotator Cuff.

Question 8

What features assist gas exchange

Answer 8

Large Surface Area of Alveoli, Moist thin walls one cell thick, Short distance for diffusion, (short diffusion pathway), Lots of Capillaries, Large Blood Supply, Movement of Gas from high to low concentration.

Question 9

Parts of a Spirometer Trace diagram from left to right

Answer 9

Tidal Volume, Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Residual Volume, Vital Capacity, Total Lung Capacity

Question 10

Recovery Process from Vigorous Exercise

Answer 10

Maintain cool down breathing rate/heart rate (blood flow),stretching,removal of lactic acid. Manipulation of diet - rehydration, carbohydrates for energy. Ice Baths/Massage - prevention of delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS).

Question 11

Immediate Effects of Exercise

Answer 11

hot/sweaty/red skin. Increase in depth and frequency of breathing. Increased heart rate.

Question 12

Short Term Effects of Exercise

Answer 12

Tiredness/fatigue, light headedness, nausea, aching/delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)/ cramp.

Question 13

Long Term Effects of Exercise

Answer 13

Change in body shape. Improvements in specific components of fitness. Build muscle strength. Improve muscular endurance. Improve speed. Improve suppleness. Build cardio-vascular endurance. Improve stamina. Increase in the size of the heart (hypertrophy), lower resting heart rate (bradycardia)

Question 14

Types of Planes

Answer 14

Frontal, Transverse, Sagittal

Question 15

Types of Axis

Answer 15

Longitudinal, Transverse Sagittal

Question 16

What is Static Stretching?

Answer 16

A way to stretch to increase flexibility, held (isometric) for up to 30 seconds, using correct technique, advisable to avoid over stretching.

Question 17

What is Plyometrics?

Answer 17

Use of plyometric exercises, eg bounding, depth jumping, to increase power. Basic physiological understanding (eccentric contraction followed by larger concentric contraction),

Question 18

Considerations to Prevent Injury

Answer 18

A warm up should be completed. Overtraining should be avoided, eg appropriate weight. Appropriate clothing and footwear should be worn. Taping/bracing should be used as necessary. Hydration should be maintained. Stretches should not be overstretched or bounce. Technique uses should be correct, eg lifting technique. Appropriate rest in between sessions to allow for recovery.

Question 19

What Qualitative Data?

Answer 19

Methods for collecting qualitative data: interviews, observations.Qualitative data deals with descriptions.

Question 20

What is Quantitative Data?

Answer 20

questionnaires, surveys. Quantitative data deals with numbers.