Crossbreeds, hybrids and rootstocks

Question 1

Genetic improvement by sexual reproduction

Answer 1

commonly used for obtaining new varieties; selection of individuals from combination of two gametes, male and female; self-pollination, intraspecific hybrids (crossbreeds), interspecific hybrids

Question 2

Crossbreed

Answer 2

sexual union of two individuals belonging to same species; selection of varieties obtained by crossing

Question 3

Self-pollination

Answer 3

A x A

Question 4

Simple combination (F1)

Answer 4

A x B (barbera x croatina = ervi)

Question 5

Backcrossing (F2)

Answer 5

(A x B) x A (A x B) x B (carla = cardinal (flame tokay x alfonso lavallé) x a. lavallé)

Question 6

Convergence

Answer 6

(A x B) x (C x D) (matilde = italia (bicane x m. d’amburgo) x cardinal (fl. tokay x a. lavallée)

Question 7

Homozygous trait

Answer 7

2 alleles of given gene are identical

Question 8

Heterozygous trait

Answer 8

2 alleles of given gene are different

Question 9

Dominant allele

Answer 9

expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals

Question 10

Recessive allele

Answer 10

expressed just in homozygous individuals

Question 11

Inbreeding reduces…

Answer 11

reduces grapevine vigor in terms of vegetative growth, bud fruitfulness and yield