Cross-cultural psychology

Question 1

Effect of honor and humiliation on community members

Answer 1

Reward and humiliation in the presence of the community has a significant impact on the attractiveness of the community to the person

Question 2

Investment

Answer 2

Determines the importance to the member of the community’s history and current status

Question 3

Shared valent event hypothesis

Answer 3

The more important the event to people involved, the greater the community bond

Question 4

Sense of community

Answer 4

Feeling members have of belonging

Question 5

Boundaries

Answer 5

Provide members with emotional safety necessary for needs and feelings to be exposed and for intimacy to develop

Question 6

Culture

Answer 6

Shared beliefs, values and practices participants must learn

Question 7

Values

Answer 7

Cultures standard for discerning what is good and just in society. Values are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching a culture’s beliefs

Question 8

Beliefs

Answer 8

Are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true, individuals in a society have specific beliefs, but they also share collective values

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

Define how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them

Question 10

Formal norms

Answer 10

Written rules

Question 11

Informal norms

Answer 11

Casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to (unwritten)

Question 12

Symbols

Answer 12

Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand that world

Question 13

Language

Answer 13

symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

Question 14

Cultural universals

Answer 14

Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Question 15

Hofstede (1980)

Answer 15

cultural differences can generally categorized into key dimensions

Question 16

Power distance

Answer 16

is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally

Question 17

Uncertainty avoidance

Answer 17

Extent to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these

Question 18

Individualism

Answer 18

Degree of dependence society maintains among its members. It has to do whether people’s self image is defined in terms of I or we

Question 19

Masculinity

Answer 19

Is about what motivates people

Question 20

Long-term orientation

Answer 20

How societies maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and the future

Question 21

Indulgence

Answer 21

Is the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised.

Question 22

Immigration

Answer 22

The movement of people from their native homeland to a new country or place where they do not possess citizenship (may not have rights to work or stay permanently).

Question 23

Culture shock

Answer 23

Feelings of confusion and uncertainty that are experienced when you encounter a culture that is vastly different from your own

Question 24

Assimilation

Answer 24

The slow process by which a minority individual or group gives up its own identity by taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture

Question 25

Acculturation

Answer 25

The process of cultural and psychological change that takes place as a result of contact between cultural groups and their individual members (incorporating language, beliefs, values, customs, and mannerisms)

Question 26

Cultural diversity

Answer 26

The range of cultural norms or cultural traditions that exist within society

Question 27

Factors that contribute to cross-cultural misunderstanding

Answer 27

Cultural insensitivity, Different verbal and non-verbal communication styles, work ethic and approaches to completing tasks