Attitudes

Question 1

Explain the tri-component model of attitudes

Answer 1

States that any attitude has 3 related components
- Affective: feelings about an attitude object
- Behavioral: attitude influences how we will act
- Cognitive: beliefs or knowledge about attitude object

Question 2

Leon Festinger (1957) what he do?

Answer 2

Described cognitive dissonance as psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes or behaviors

Question 3

cognitive dissonance

Answer 3

the discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs.

Question 4

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)

Answer 4

If a person is induced to do or say something that is contrary to their private opinion, they will experience cognitive dissonance.
Experiment:
- 71 males
- 1$ reward, 20$ reward, control
- had to tell people it was great even though it was boring
- 1$ condition showed more enjoyment then 20$

Question 5

Social identity theory

Answer 5

1. Social categorization: categorize people in order to identify them
2. Social identification: We adopt the identity of the group that we belong to and we act in ways that we perceive members of the group act.

Question 6

Social comparison

Answer 6

The comparison of one’s group to another. The individual believes that their group is the best

Question 7

The two attributions of behavior

Answer 7

Dispositional (personal or internal)
Situational (external)

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

The tendency to overemphasize dispositional (internal) factors, and fail to account for situational (external) factors, as explanations for the behaviors of others

Question 9

Self serving bias

Answer 9

Tendency to attribute our success to ourselves and our failures to others and situation

Question 10

Confirmation bias

Answer 10

Tendency to seek out, interpret, and recall information that supports our beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our beliefs

Question 11

Stereotypes

Answer 11

A specific belief or assumption about individuals based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of individual characteristics

Question 12

Prejudice

Answer 12

A negative (or positive) feeling and judgment about an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (often based on stereotypes)

Question 13

Discrimination

Answer 13

is a negative (or positive) action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group. As a result of holding negative beliefs about a particular group

Question 14

Direct encounters

Answer 14

can influence the formation of an attitude

Question 15

Group attribution error

Answer 15

tendency to make generalizations about entire out groups based on a very small number of observations

Question 16

Out group homogeneity effect

Answer 16

Making generalizations about out groups

Question 17

In group bias

Answer 17

preference for our own group over other groups

Question 18

Scapegoating

Answer 18

the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal

Question 19

Ageism

Answer 19

Prejudice or discrimination based on someones age

Question 20

Sexism

Answer 20

Prejudice and discrimination based on their sex

Question 21

Contact hypothesis

Answer 21

The more interactions, the more likely they are to become close

Question 22

Quality of interactions

Answer 22

The more positive the experience and the rleationships, the greater the bond

Question 23

Closure to event

Answer 23

the interaction of ambiguous and the conmmunity’s tasks are left unresolved, group cohesiveness will be inhibited

Question 24

Shared valent event hypothesis

Answer 24

The more important the event to people involved, the greater the community bond