Crops Flashcards
Rice
-India 2nd largest producer, china
-kharif
-high temp (>25)
-high humidity
-high rainfall(above 100cm)
-grown in plains of north and north east India, coastal areas, deltaic regions
-in areas of less rainfall-> grown with help of dense network of tubewells and canal irrigation
wheat
-2nd most important cereal crop
-main food crop in N and NW India
-rabi crop
-cool growing season, bright sunshine at time of ripening
-50-75 cm rainfall- evenly distributed throughout the growing season
-2 main zones where it is grown: black soil region of deccan, ganga- satluj plains of North west
-main states: Haryana, UP, Punjab, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP
Millets
-coarse grains
-high nutritional value
1. ragi
-rich in iron, calcium, micronutrients, roughage
-grwos in dry regions
-red, black, loamy, sandy, shallow black soil
-states- Uttarkhand, Karnataka, TN, MP, Arunachal
- Jowar
-3rd most important crop wrt area and production
-grows in rain fed and moist areas
states: Maharashtra, Karnataka, Ap
3.Bajra
-sandy and shallow black soil
-Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat, UP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Maize
-food and fodder
-kharif
-21-27 degrees
-old alluvial
-can be grown in rabi season in some states like bihar
-use of modern inputs has contributed to the increasing production
-states: Karnataka, UP, MP, AP, Bihar
Pulses
-india- larges producer and consumer
-main source of protein- vegetarian diet
-main pulses- tur, masur, moong, peas, gram
-need less moisture
-leguminous, except tur- help in restoring soil fertility through nitrogen fixation, so they are grown in rotation with other crops
-states- Rajasthan, Maharashtra, MP,UP, Karnataka
sugarcane
-tropical- subtropical
-hot, humid climate
temp- 21- 27
-75- 100cm rainfall
-variety of soils
-manual labour
-india is second largest producer-> brazil
-source of sugar, khandsari, gur, molasses
-karnataka, maharashtra, UP, Nihar, Punjab, Haryana
Oil seeds
-2018
-india scond largest producer- groundnut after china
-third larges producer of rapeseed after canada and china
-oil seeds- 12% of total cropped area of India
-main oilseeds- mustard, coconut, sunflower, linseed, rapeseed, groundnut, castor seed, sesamum, soybean
-groundnut- kharif, accounts for half of major oilseeds produced in India, gujarat- largest producer followed by Rajasthan and TN
-Linseed, mustard- rabi
-sesamum- kharif - N, rabi- S
-castor seed- kharif and rabi
tea
-plantation
-beverage crop- british
-tropical and subtropical climates
-deep, fertile, well- drained soil, rich in humus
-warm, moist, frost- free climate
-frequent rain- evenly distributed throughout the year
-labour intensive
-free, cheap, skilled labour
-tea is processed within the tea gardens to restore freshness
-states- Assam, hills of Darjeeling, WB, TN, Kerala
coffee
-india known for its good quality of coffee
-arabica variety- brought ffrom yemen
-in demand all over the world
-cultivation introduced- Baba Budan Hills
-Cultivation confined to nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala, TN
Horticulture crops
2018- india was the largest producer of fruits and vegetables after china
-temperate and tropical fruis
-mangoes- Maharashra, AP, UP, telengana
-oranges- cherrapunjee, Nagpur
-Bananas- TN, Kerala, Mizoram
-Lichi and guava- Bihar, UP
-Pineapple- Meghalaya
-Grapes- AP, Maharashtra, Telengana
-Apples, Apricots, Walnuts, Pears- JK, HP
rubber
-equatorial crop
-special conditions- tropical and sub tropical regions
-moist, humid
-warm temp above 25
-above 200 cm rainfall
-important industrial raw material
-states- Kerala, TN, Garo hills- Meghalaya, Karnataka, Andaman
Fibre crops
-cotton, jute, hemp, silk
-cotton jute and hemp- soil grown
-silk- cocoons of silk worms fed on green leaves
-sericulture- defn
cotton
-india- orginal home of cotton plant
-2017- india was largest producer after china
-dry regions of black soil area of deccan plateau
-high temp, high rainfall, 210 frost free days, bright sunshine
-kharif
-6-8 months to mature
-states- gujarat, maharashtra, karnataka, Punjab ,Haryana, UP
Jute
-golden fibre
-well drained fertile soils in floodplains where soils are renewed each year
-high emp
-used for ropes, gunny bags, mats, yarn
-WB, assam, odisha, meghalaya
