Crop Sci Flashcards
Africa Rice Center
Cotonou, Benin
Biodiversity International
Maccarese, Rome, Italy
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
Cali, Columbia
Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
Bogor, Indonesia
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Beirut, Lebanon
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
India
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Washington DC, USA
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Nairobi, Kenya
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Ibadan, Nigeria
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
State, Mexico
International Potato Center (CIP)
Lima, Peru
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Sri Lanka
World Agroforestry Centre (International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, ICRAF)
Nairobi, Kenya
World Fish Center (International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, ICLARM)
Penang, Malaysia
*Apical dominance in plants
*Phototrophic and geotropic movements are linked with
*Induced femaleness in plants
Auxins
Translocation of carbohydrate nutrients usually occurs in the form of
Sucrose
*Dwarfness in plants can be controlled by treating the plant with
*Promote seed germination
*Commonly used to promote uniform and synchronous flowering in plants
*Production of seedless grapes (fruits, vegetables)
*Cell and organ enlargement is a physiological effect of this phytohormones
Gibberellic acid
Controls Leaf fall and dormancy
Abscissic acid
Leaf fall can be prevented with the help of ___
Cut or excised leaves remain grain for long if induced to root or dipped with ___
Responsible for cell division
Cytokinins
Compound Sulforaphane has been discovered to offer protection against cancer
It is found in
Broccoli
Commonly used to promote rooting in stem cuttings
Indole-3-butyric acid
Amino acid deficient in cereals
Lysine
Amino acid deficient in pulses
Methionine
Chemical used in cloud seeding/artificial rainfall is
Silver chloride
In nuts and oil seeds, limiting amino acid is
Lysine
Association between two different organisms in which one is always benefitted but the other is neither benefitted nor harmed
Commensalism
Association between two different organisms in which one is always harmed, but the other is neither harmed nor benefitted
Ammendalism
Apical - root apex; growing points: upward and downward growth direction
Lateral- sides of roots, stems, etc; sideward growth
Intercalary- internodes
Meristematic tissues - actively dividing cells
SIMPLE TISSUES: only one type of cells
*Parenchyma: fleshy parts and seat of activities like photosynthesis and metabolism
*Collenchyma: thick walled, elongated cells with unevenly thickendened primary walls , mechanical support (early growth)
*Schlerenchyma: thick walled, heavily lignified and non-living when mature. (gritty texture of chico fruit)
Permanent tissues - mature, fully differentiated cells
COMPLEX- composed of two or more types of cells
*Phloem: plant food (sieve tube, companion cells, ray cells, fiber, and parenchyma cells)
*Xylem: water (tracheids, vessel, element, fiber, ray cell, and parenchyma cells)
PERMANENT TISSUES
Above ground
*Stolon - strawberry and bermuda
Below the ground
*Bulb - scales: onions, daffodils, hyacinth , garlic (compound)
*Rhizomes - use as food storage (near soil surface) ginger
*Corms - gladiolus, banana, abaca, taro
*Tubers - enlarged fleshy portions of rhizomes; potato
Modified stems
Grows on a host but unlike a parasite it takes no nutrients from the host. Physical support
Epiphytes
Determinate: terminal flowers /apical
Indeterminate: lateral
Cauliflorous: trunk or on large leafless branches
Flowers
Drupe: simple fleshy fruits with one seed incased in a stony pit
Berry: from a compound ovary and usually contain multiple seeds
1. True berries - thin skin and a pericarp
2. Pepos - berry fruits with thick rinds
3. Hesperidium - leathery skin
Pome: seeds are encased by a leathery and papery endocarp
Aggregate fruit: single flower with multiple pistils
Multiple fruit: many flowers in a single inflorescence will develop into a multiple fruit
Fleshy Fruits
Infra-red - provide warmth
Ultra-violet - photosynthesis
Red light - seed germination
Far-red light - flowering
Phytochrome system
Model organism in plant biology and development
Arabidopsis thaliana
Father of Philippine Plant Breeding
Dioscoro Umali
