crop growth and development Flashcards
define growth
the permanent increase in weight or size of an organism due to an increase in number and size of cells
define development
the process of differentiation when plants transition from germination, seedling, vegetative, flowering and seed-maturation states
function of auxin
encourages cell elongation
function of gibberellins
encourage stem elongation
germination process
seed germinates, primary organs develop (shoot and root)
define meristem
the growing point of a plant
what is vernalisation
when winter cereals need a prolonged cold period to transition from vegetative to reproductive phase of growth.
what marks the transition into reproductive development at the shoot apex
appearance of inflorescence primordia giving rise to double ridges
name both crop management scales
Zadok and BBCH
what does tillering enable
crops to produce multiple stems starting from initial single seedling
where does a big portion of the dry matter go towards in wheat barley rye and oat
the awns glumes and other modified leaves in inflorescence
what percentage of the seed is water after its formation
90%
average grain moistures at harvest
15-21%
define dry matter
the weight of all the components of a plant minus the water.
describe amount of dry matter during development
DM in leaves and stems increases linearly then plateaus as plant energy goes into seed development
function of Zadoks growth scales
to evaluate and measure plant growth in cereals
why is accurate assessment of growth stage important in cereals
because cereals plants response to herbicide, growth regulator or fertiliser application depends on its stage development
