Crop classification

Question 1

What four factors are crops classified by

Answer 1

Agronomic Use
Nutritional Use
Life Cycle
Climate adaption

Question 2

What are the most important cereals globally??

Answer 2

Maize>Wheat>Rice

Question 3

What are the most important cereals in Ireland?

Answer 3

Barley>Wheat>Oats

Question 4

Cereal Grains nutritional content

Answer 4

75-80% starch,
10-14% protein,
1-3% fat,
1-2% vitamins and minerals.

Question 5

What are the most important Pulse/legumes globally?

Answer 5

Soybeans>Beans>Peas>chickpea

Question 6

What are the most important pulse/legumes in Ireland?

Answer 6

Field Beans> Peas > Soybean

Question 7

Pulse/Legumes nutritional content?

Answer 7

40% Protein, 25% oil, starch 10%

Question 8

Cereals Definition

Answer 8

Cereals are grasses that produce edible grain.

Question 9

Define Grains

Answer 9

Grains refers to seed of grass crops (true grains) but can
include legumes such as soybean

Question 10

Define Forage crops

Answer 10

any crops whose vegetative parts are
used for livestock feed.

Question 11

What moisture percentage is Hay harvested at?

Answer 11

20% Moisture

Question 12

What moisture percentage is Silage harvested at?

Answer 12

50-80% moisture and sealed in a silo

Question 13

Potato latin name

Answer 13

Solanum tuberosum

Question 14

Functions of cover crop?

Answer 14

• To manage soil erosion
• Improve water use and biodiversity
• Reduce pests, weeds and disease
• Some cover crops (rape, turnips, grasses etc) can be
  used for forage.

Question 15

What agricultural practice is companion planting a sub-genre of?

Answer 15

Intercropping

Question 16

Give examples of companion crops used in agriculture

Answer 16

Pea with oilseed rape
clover with winter oilseed rape.

Question 17

What are two main purposes of companion planting?

Answer 17

To suppress weeds, pests, and diseases.
It provides erosion control.

Question 18

When are companion crops harvested?

Answer 18

At maturity for grain and straw, or immature for silage.

Question 19

Define intercropping

Answer 19

where two or more species
are sown and harvested together with the
objective of harvesting both specie

Question 20

Why are legumes/grasses incorporated into the soil?

Answer 20

to add nutrients to the soil or enhance soil quality

Question 21

Give examples of legumes

Answer 21

Clover, Alfalfa and Phacelia

Question 22

What are fibre crops used for?

Answer 22

Clothing, rope, paper, and baskets.

Question 23

Name three common fibre crops.

Answer 23

Cotton, flax, and hemp.

Question 24

What percentage of global natural fibre production does cotton account for?

Answer 24

About 80%.

Question 25

From which part of the plant is cotton fibre derived?

Answer 25

The epidermis of seeds.

Question 26

What is bast fibre and where is it found?

Answer 26

A soft, woody fibre obtained from the stems of dicots, making up around 20% of natural fibre production.

Question 27

What is bioenergy?

Answer 27

The production of energy from a biological system.

Question 28

How is biomass used for energy production?

Answer 28

Biomass crops are burned to produce heat and electricity.

Question 29

Give examples of biomass crops.

Answer 29

Trees like willow and herbaceous perennials like Miscanthus.

Question 30

What are biofuel crops used for?

Answer 30

To produce liquid fuels like ethanol and biodiesel

Question 31

Give examples of biofuel crops.

Answer 31

Corn, grain sorghum, and soybean.

Question 32

How is ethanol produced from corn?

Answer 32

The starch in corn grain is converted to ethanol.

Question 33

How is biodiesel produced from soybean?

Answer 33

The oils from soybean are converted to biodiesel.

Question 34

What are the main sources of sugar crops?

Answer 34

Sugarcane, sugar beet, corn (syrup), and sweet sorghum (syrup).

Question 35

Which crop accounts for the majority of global sugar production?

Answer 35

Sugarcane (~80%).

Question 36

What percentage of global sugar comes from sugar beet?

Answer 36

Around 20%.

Question 37

What two sugar crops are primarily used for syrup production?

Answer 37

Corn and sweet sorghum.

Question 38

What products do oil crops produce?

Answer 38

oils that contain fatty acids

Question 39

What oil crop accounts for 50% of edible oil production?

Answer 39

Soybean

Question 40

Give examples of oil crops

Answer 40

Oil seed rape Flax Sunflower

Question 41

Name four legumes that are protein crops.

Answer 41

Soybean, peas, field beans, and peanuts.

Question 42

Name two non-legume crops used for seed protein production.

Answer 42

Quinoa and sunflowers.

Question 43

What type of crops are naturally high in starch due to their seeds?

Answer 43

Cereal grasses.

Question 44

Name two non-grass plants that also produce starchy seeds.

Answer 44

Amaranth and buckwheat.

Question 45

How do root and tuber crops primarily store their energy?

Answer 45

As starch

Question 46

What are the latitude boundaries of the north temperate zone?

Answer 46

From the Tropic of Cancer (~23.2° N) to the Arctic Circle (~66.3° N).

Question 47

What are the latitude boundaries of the south temperate zone?

Answer 47

From the Tropic of Capricorn (~23.2° S) to the Antarctic Circle (~66.3° S).

Question 48

What are annual plants and give an example.

Answer 48

Annuals complete their life cycle in one year or growing season. Example: Cereals.

Question 49

What are biennial plants and give an example.

Answer 49

Biennials complete their life cycle in two growing seasons. Example: Sugar beet.

Question 50

What are perennial plants and give an example.

Answer 50

Perennials persist for three or more years or growing seasons. Example: Miscanthus sp.