Crohn's disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is Crohn’s disease

A

transmural inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract

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2
Q

where can the transmural inflammation be located in Crohn’s

A

it can be any where/ all parts of the GI tract from the mouth to the perianal area

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3
Q

where mostly is the inflammation found in Crohn’s disease

A

terminal ileal and perianal areas

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4
Q

difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s

A

in ulcerative colitis, the inflammation is found everywhere along the GI tract whereas in Crohn’s there may be skip lesions

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5
Q

what are skip lesions

A

where normal bowel mucosa can be found

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6
Q

aetiology/ cause of Crohn’s disease

A

unknown aetiology however it is known that genetic and environmental factors can play a role

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7
Q

risk factors for developing Crohn’s disease

A

white ancestry, family Hx of Crohn’s

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8
Q

presenting symptoms

A

abdominal pain, prolonged diarrhoea, bowel obstruction, blood in the stool, fever, fatigue and abdominal tenderness

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9
Q

what leads to bowel obstruction in Crohn’s

A

transmural inflammation leads to fibrosis which then leads to obstruction of the bowel

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10
Q

what is the first line investigation for Crohn’s

A

bloods; FBC (may show inflammatory markers or anaemia), iron, folate, B12, CRP, ESR, stool testing, abdominal X-ray, MRI of abdomen

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11
Q

when do you do an erect X-ray

A

when there is a risk of perforation

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12
Q

treatment of an acute exacerbation of Crohn’s

A

fluid resuscitation, IV/oral corticosteroids, 5-ASA analogues, analgesia, parenteral nutrition

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13
Q

treatment of long-term Crohn’s disease

A

steroids- for acute exacerbation
5-ASA analogues,
immunosuppression and anti-TNF therapy

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14
Q

general conservative advice/management

A

stop smoking and dietary advice

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