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PHTH 7262 Practice Issues II > Critiquing Research Lecture - Dr. Wofford > Flashcards

Critiquing Research Lecture - Dr. Wofford Flashcards

1
Q

Control groups and PT research

A
  1. Control group is tricky in PT, bc unethical to have clinical population that doesn’t receive treatment
  2. Much easier to have a conrol group with healthy normals
  3. So we will see “randomized clinical trial” (missing control per se). Both sets being treated, one group getting studied intervention, “control group” getting “standard of care” treatment.
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2
Q

Four things to consider when evaluating whether study results are meaningful:

A
  1. —Results section should be objective
  2. —Effect size
  3. —Statistical significance
  4. —Clinical significance
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3
Q

Refereed Journals

A

A consideration of journal quality

  1. Reviewd by content expererts & reviewers prior to publication
  2. Generally undergoes at least 1 revision prior to acceptance
  3. Example: JOSPT (Journal of Orthopaedics and Sports Physical Therapy
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4
Q

Blinding

A

Blinding: how aware are you of what you are getting (can refer to researcher or subject, variety of ways)

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4
Q

Informed Consent

A

Part of the required ethical treatment of study participants

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5
Q

What is the physical therapy profession’s official journal?

A

PTJ

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6
Q

randomization

A

Randomization: how people are assigned to control or various non-control groups.

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7
Q

PEDRO

A

A method of research article critique

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9
Q

Methods are also called __________

A

procedures

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9
Q

What should the discussion include (6)? and what quesiton should it answer?

A
  1. —Interpretation of study results
  2. —Address study purpose/specific or study aims
  3. —Relate results to prior research
  4. —Study limitations
  5. —Clinical importance of results
  6. —Suggestions for future research

How confidient are you about how much the study limitations could have influenced the results?

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11
Q

Five things to consider about subjects when critiquing an article:

A
  1. —Who are the subjects?
    • —Inclusion and exclusion criteria
  2. —How were the subjects selected?
  3. —Was a power analysis performed?
  4. —Sampling bias?
  5. This is directly related to generalizability and Externability
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11
Q

Procedures are also called _____________

A

methods

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12
Q

Generalizability

A

EsEsentially this is the extent to which findings (from a study) can be generalized (or extended) to the those in natural settings (i.e., outside the lab)

Read more: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Generalize%20(generalizability)#ixzz3IjLJMRnX

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13
Q

IRB

A

Institutional Review Board

A body responsible for governing and approving studies based on ethical standards. Designed to protect study participants.

Institutions that conduct research have them (I think). All universities have them.

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14
Q

Two big things to consider with Journal Qualilty

A
  1. Non-refereed journals
    • Not subject to peer review
    • Advance? (no idea what this means)
  2. Refereed Journals
    1. Reviewd by content expererts & reviewers prior to publication
    2. Generally undergoes at least 1 revision prior to acceptance
    3. Example: JOSPT (Journla of Orthopaedics and Sports Physical Therapy
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15
Q

Externalizability

A

no idea. I can’t find it online except in computer programing

16
Q

Non-refereed journals

A

A Consideration in journal quality

  1. Not subject to peer review
  2. Advance? (no idea what this means)
17
Q

Critically appraised Topic

A

A method of research article critique

18
Q

To determine what is the study about, consider these three points?

A
  1. —Title should be brief, but informative
  2. —Abstract includes a very brief overview of the study
  3. —Introduction provides the background on the topic, depicts the significance of the study, and outlines the study aims and/or purpose
20
Q

Who was Henrietta Lacks and why did Dr. Wofford bring her up?

A

She is a famous subject whose cells were used without her consent in a study.

She is a good example of why informed consent is so important

20
Q

Where can the Data Analysis section be found?

A

Within the Methods section?

NOT the Results section

22
Q

effect size

A

Results Section

Effect size = magnitude of change

23
Q

What items should you consider when evaluating research?

A
  • —Journal quality
    1. Non-refereed journals
    2. Refereed journals
  • —Evaluating components of the study
    1. —What is the study about?
    2. —Are the study results valid?
    3. —Are the study results meaningful?
    4. —What does it all mean?
24
Q

Things to consider when evaluating the research Design of a study?

A
  1. —What was the research design?
  2. —Was data collected only at one time frame or over time?
  3. —Is the study design free from bias?
  4. —If experimental:
    • —Control group?
    • —Randomization?
    • —Blinding?
25
Q

Statistical vs Clinical Significance

A
  1. big difference here between results that are statistically significant and those that are clinically meaningful (smaller change can be statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful)
  2. Pretty much if it is clinically meaningful it will always be statistically significant. BUT it can be statistically significant but NOT clinically meaningful.
26
Q

Two very common methods of article critique

A

Consort scale

  1. —PEDRO
  2. —Critically appraised topic

(both methods are good for helping to design research. Both are just references for us at this point)

27
Q

What to consider when evaluating Data Analysis in a study

A
  1. —Did all subjects complete the study? If not, does the author outline reasons for dropout?
  2. —Were the statistical analyses appropriate (tests we used)?
    • —Descriptive and inferential?
28
Q

Eight Components of a Research Article:

A
  1. —Title
  2. —Abstract
  3. —Introduction
  4. —Methods
  5. —Data analysis
  6. —Results
  7. —Discussion
  8. —Conclusion
29
Q

Are the study results valid? Four components to check/consider:

A
  1. —Subjects, who are they?
  2. —Design, what is it?
  3. —Procedures
  4. —Data analysis
30
Q

Four points to consider when evaluating the procedures of a study:

A
  1. —What was the rationale for the tests and measures used? Were they valid and reliable?
  2. —Are the procedures outlined well enough that the study could be reproduced
    • —Should include detailed procedures from beginning to end
  3. —Experimental study:
    • —If more than one group was present, were all groups treated equally aside from the intervention?
31
Q
A

PHTH 7262 Practice Issues II (10 decks)

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