Critical Reasoning Flashcards
What are the 4 main categories of wrong answers?
- No Tie to the argument/conclusion
- Reverse Logic
- The Diversion
- Close but no cigar
Common error type in Structure Family & Explain a Discrepancy?
Close but no Cigar
[ID the Question]
(in order for some claim to be true) “it must be shown that _____________”
Fill in the blank | Inference
Define “Assumption”
Something that the author must believe to be true in order to draw a certain conclusion
[ID the question]
When you see something like “if true” or equivalent, what type of CR question does it indicate?
Strengthen/Weaken
What are the 3 Family types of questions on CR?
- Assumption Family
- Evidence Family
- Structure Family
Common error type in Inference questions?
Real-world distractions
What type of traps are most prevalent in the Evidence Family?
- Reverse Logic
What kind of traps are most prevalent in the Assumption Family?
- No Ties to argument/conclusion
- Reverse Logic
- Irrelevant Decision
[ID the Question]
if (some claim is true), “it should be expected that” ____________
Fill in the blank | Inference
[ID the Question]
The conclusion above would be more reasonable drawn if it were established that
Find the Assumption
[ID the question]
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
Find the Assumption
What question types are contained in the Structure Family?
- Describe the Role
2. Describe the Argument
When you encounter an EXCEPT (weaken) question, what does it imply about the wrong & right answer choices?
WRONG: weakens the argument
RIGHT: DOESN”T only strengthen the arg; it can also have nothing to do with the arg. It’s the Odd One Out.
What question types are contained in the Assumption Family?
- Find the Assumption
- Strengthen the Argument
- Weaken the Argument
- Evaluate the Argument
- Find the Flaw
[Identify the Question]
“………….. since __________”
Fill in the blank | Strengthen
What question types are contained in the Evidence Family?
- Inference
2. Explain a Discrepancy
Close But No Cigar contains what kind of wrong answers? Where do they typically appear in (if any)?
- One word off | Structure Fam
2. Half right | Explain a Discrepancy
[ID the Question]
(something is true) “assuming that __________”
Fill in the blank | Find the Assumption
The Diversion category contains which types of wrong answers? And what kind of question/family does each of them appear in the most frequently (if any)?
- Irrelevant Distinction | Assumption Family
- Real-World Distractions | Evidence Fam, Inference
- Switching Terms
[ID the Question]
Which answer can be “logically concluded”?
Inference
[ID the Question]
The “statements above most strongly support which of the following conclusions”?
Inference
[ID the Question]
Which answer can be “properly inferred”?
Inference
[ID the Question]
The statements above “best support” which of the following “assertions”?
Inference
[ID the Question]
Which answer “must be true” based upon the above statements?
Inference
[ID the Question]
Which of the following hypothesis is best supported by the statement given?
Inference
Common Trap Answers for Inference questions
- Real-World Distraction
- Revers Logic
- Switching Terms
[ID the Question]
Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the paradox described above?
Explain a Discrepancy
[ID the Question]
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that many economists no longer recommend reducing spending in order to increase currency value?
Explain a Discrepancy
Common Trap Answers for Explain a Discrepancy Questions
- Half Way
2. Reverse Logic
