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GMAT > Critical Reasoning > Flashcards

Critical Reasoning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the objective of an argument?

A

To establish the conclusion

Foundation

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2
Q

What is the definition of an argument?

Foundation

A

A line of reasoning advanced to advocate a point

Foundation

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3
Q

What is the point advocated?

Foundation

A

The conclusion

Foundation

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4
Q

What are the reasons to support the point?

Foundation

A

Premises

Foundation

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5
Q

Only … lead to a conclusion

Foundation

A

Premises

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6
Q

What is the definition of a conclusion?

Foundation

A

The main point that is advocated

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7
Q

To find the conclusion you can ask?

Foundation

A
  • What is the main point advocated?
  • What does the author want you to believe?
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8
Q

What is the definition of a premise?

Foun dation

A

Any piece of information, evidence, viewpoint, rules etc that the author uses to support the conclusion

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9
Q

Context decides if the statement is a…

Foun dation

A

Premise or a conclusion

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10
Q

Give examples of premise indicators

Foundation

A
  • Since
  • Due to
  • Because
  • For
  • Given that
  • etc
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11
Q

Give examples of conclusion indicators

Foundation

A
  • Therefore
  • Hence
  • It shows that
  • It follows that
  • It can be concluded that
  • Thus
  • So
  • Etc
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12
Q

4

What is the process to identify a conclusion?

Foundation

A
  • Actively read the passage
  • Ask questions - what is the main point and what does the author want you to believe?
  • Look for indicators
  • ABC Test
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13
Q

When do you use the ABC test?

Foundation

A

When there are multiple indicators or no indicators

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14
Q

What are the questions for the ABC test?

Foundation

A

Is A because of C or is C because of A?

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15
Q

Who can state the conclusion? And what is the exception?

Foundation

A

Only the author UNLESS the question explicitly states the third party as having made the conclusion

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16
Q

What is a counter premise?

Foundation

A

A statement that presents information that goes against the conclusion

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17
Q

What is an intermediate conclusion?

Foundation

A

A derived statement in the argument (not fact)

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18
Q

What are the rules of something that can be challenged?

Foundation

A
  • It can be doubted
  • The truth value is not certain
  • It cannot be taken at face value
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19
Q

GMAT CR tests what?

Foundations

A

Reasoning not knowledge

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20
Q

4

What can be challenged in an argument?

Foundations

A
  • Derived Information
  • Reasoning
  • Conclusion or Interim Conclusion
  • Anything said by a third party
21
Q

Profitability is…

Standard Knowledge

A

Profit/Sales

22
Q

Profit is

Standard Knowledge

A

Sales - Cost

23
Q

Where can the conclusion be placed in the argument?

Foundations

A

Anywhere

24
Q

Can you have multiple intermediate conclusions?

Foundations

A

Yes

25
Q

How many conclusions can be included in an argument?

Foundations

A

Only one

26
Q

If the passage is true then the inference…

Inference

A

Must always be true

27
Q

What is the impact of the word ‘only’ in a sentence?

Inference

A

Only does not mean all or every of a category - it just means no other category

E.g. multistorey or single storey buildings

28
Q

What is the impact of the word ‘all’ in a sentence?

Inference

A

All means each or every - it does not affect ‘other’ categories

E.g. multistorey or single storey buildings

29
Q

What is the meaning of ‘some’?

Inference

A

Any # from 1 to All

30
Q

What is the meaning of ‘most’?

Inference

A

It means >50% to All

31
Q

What is the meaning of ‘few’?

Inference

A

A handful

E.g. 2 3 or 4 out of 100

32
Q

What is the meaning of ‘many’?

Inference

A

3 to All

33
Q

What does it mean when the word ‘the’ is included in the premise?

Inference

A

‘The’ implies a total number

34
Q

What is the meaning of the word ‘moreover’?

Inference

A

A continuation of one chain of thought

In other words the chain of thought is from the same person

35
Q

What is the 3 step process to solving inference questions?

Inference

A
  1. Understand and analyse the passage
  2. Review each choice
  3. Analyse each choice
36
Q

What are the 3 things to watch out for when analysing the passage? I.e. the mistakes not to make

Inference

A
  • Make sure to capture the author’s intent in the argument
  • Do not infer specific information in generic terms
  • Do not distort elements of the passage
37
Q

What is the tool that is used to analyse the passages in CR Inference?

Inference

A

Visualisation

38
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of an assumption?

Assumptions

A
  1. It must be true for the conclusion to hold true
  2. It is not stated
  3. It cannot be infered
  4. It is new information
39
Q

How many assumptions can be included in the passage?

Assumptions

A

Multiple

40
Q

By understanding the logic of the argument we can…

Assumptions

A

Derive the assumptions

41
Q

What is the prethinking process?

Assumption

A

A way of deriving the assumption by analysing the logic of the argument

42
Q

What are the 3 core skills for CR assumption questions?

Assumptions

A
  1. Understand the passage
  2. Pre-think the assumption
  3. Analyse the answer choices
43
Q

What is the primary question used in pre-thinking?

Assumptions

A

In what scenario does the author’s conclusion break?

44
Q

Once you identify the scenario that breaks the conclusion, what do you do to find the assumptions?

Assumptions

A

Reverse the scenario

45
Q

What are the 3 things to watch out for when an argument has 2 entities in an assumption question?

Assumptions

A
  • The correct choice is not always a reword of the assumption
  • Are the two entities linked?
  • If they are linked are they dependent or competition?
46
Q

Can the assumption be derived from an entity not in the passage?

Assumptions

A

Yes - it can be derived from an inference

47
Q

Where a comparison is assumed by the author make sure to understand what?

Assumptions

A

What is explicit and what is not explicit

48
Q

When you see the word ‘average’ in a passage…

A

Consider the extremes to check if the word ‘average’ impacts anything

GMAT (14 decks)

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