Critical Care Flashcards
What is Critical Care also known as?
Intensive care
It takes place in an ICU or level 3 care, focusing on supporting organ systems.
What are the two types of Respiratory Failure?
- Type 1: Oxygenation failure
- Type 2: Oxygenation and ventilation failure
Define Shock.
Acute circulatory failure with inadequate or inappropriately distributed tissue perfusion resulting in cellular hypoxia.
What are the types of Shock?
- Distributive/Septic
- Hypovolaemic
- Anaphylactic
- Neurogenic
- Cardiogenic
What is the formula for Cardiac Output (CO)?
CO = HR x SV
What components make up Stroke Volume (SV)?
SV = Preload — Contractility — Afterload
What are the subtypes of Neurological Failure?
- Metabolic
- Trauma
- Infection
- Stroke
How is Type 1 Respiratory Failure managed?
Oxygen
What is the management for Type 2 Respiratory Failure?
Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV)
What is the approach for managing Severe Respiratory Failure?
Ventilation and intubation
What is the initial approach for managing Cardiovascular Failure?
- Insertion of Arterial catheter
- Central line
What are the uses of Vasopressors in cardiovascular management?
- Causes vasoconstriction and increasing venous return
- Increases afterload and contractility
- Used in patients with distributive/septic shock
What are Inotropes and Chronotropes used for?
- Increases contractility
- Increases heart rate
- Used as a second line agent
What is the key aspect of Airway Management in Neurological Failure?
Protection of airways and adequate ventilation
What is the management strategy for Head Injuries?
- Reduce CO2 to decrease intracranial pressure
- Increase oxygen to resist rising intracranial pressure
What is a good marker of a patient’s volume and hemodynamic status?
Urination
What are Colloids?
Fluids with large osmotically active particles
Associated with risk of renal failure and being used less.
What are Crystalloids?
Fluids with small molecules, e.g., dextrose
Usage of too much 0.8% fluid can cause metabolic acidosis.
What is the typical volume of fluids given during Critical Care Fluid Management?
250-500 mls a load
What is a concern when administering fluids to patients with chronic heart failure?
Risk of fluid overload
What is the fluid administration limit per kg in critical care?
30 ml/kg
