Critical Care

Question 1

Lactic Acid

Answer 1

Is a marker of perfusion and oxygen delivery to the tissues
Anything above 2.5 mmol/L is hyperlactatemia

Question 2

Septic Shock

Answer 2

AKA Distributive shock
-Caused by infectious diseases or by secondary infections
-Bright red gums, Vasodilation, Low BP

Question 3

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 3

-Most common shock in small animals
-Caused by decreased perfusion, especially from blood loss or dehydration
-Pale, dry gums
-Increased HR

Question 4

IV Fluid Shock Doses

Answer 4

Cats: 45 mL/kg
Dogs: 90 mL/kg
-Usually given in 1/4 doses

Question 5

Fluid Deficit Amount (Calculate)

Answer 5

% Dehydration x kg

Question 6

Total Blood Volume (Calculate)

Answer 6

Cats: 60 mL/kg
Dogs: 80 mL/kg

Question 7

CVP (Central Venous Pressure)

Answer 7

The central venous pressure is the blood pressure of the thoracic vena cava. (Helpful to monitor hydration status)
-Normal: 0-10 cm h2O
-Landmark: Third thoracic vertebrae
-Use multi-lumen catheter

Question 8

Formula for Cardiac Output

Answer 8

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
-Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 9

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 9

A condition marked by a low level of carbon dioxide in the blood due to breathing excessively. Increased PH and Increased HCO3

Question 10

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 10

When blood is acidic because your lungs can’t remove carbon dioxide, Decreased PH and increased CO2.

Question 11

Hyperemic

Answer 11

Mucus membranes are bright or brick red
-Usually seen with shock, sepsis, or allergic reaction