Critical Care Flashcards
4 renal causes of acute abdomen
stones
RCC
pyelo
glomerulonephritis
pancreatic causes of acute abdomen
pancreatitis
pancreatic ca
3 gallbladder causes of acute abdomen
cholecystitis
choledocholithiasis
ascending cholangitis
2 hepatic causes of acute abdomen
hepatitis
cirrhosis
2 splenic causes of acute abdomen
rupture
infarct
3 gastric causes of acute abdomen
PUD/perforated ulcer
gastritis
GERD
intestinal causes of acute abdomen
obstruction
cancer
volvulus
appendicitis
gastroenteritis
ileus
hernia
mesenteric ischemia
diverticulitis
IBD
IBS
celiac
pelvic causes of acute abdomen
ovarian torsion
ectopic
ruptured ovarian cyst
PID
endometriosis
vaginitis
cystitis
tx for primary adrenal insufficiency (addisons)
- hydrocortisone
- fludrocortisone
t/f: fludrocortisone should be used for secondary adrenal insufficiency
f!
only for primary
tx for secondary adrenal insufficiency
pituitary adenoma resection
iatrogenic: wean steroids
presentation of upper GIB
hematemesis/coffee ground emesis
melena: black tarry stool
upper GIB’s originate proximal to the
ligament of treitz
6 causes of upper GIB
peptic ulcer
esophageal ulcer
mallory weiss tear
esophageal varices
malignancy
erosive esophagitis
odynophagia
GERD
dysphagia
esophageal ulcer
emesis, retching, or coughing -> hematemesis
mallory-weiss tear
odynophagia, dysphagia
retrosternal chest pain
erosive esophagitis
indications for blood transfusion
high risk pt: hgb < 9
low risk pt: hgb < 7
empiric tx for uppper GIB
IV PPI
hallmark presentation of lower GIB
hematochezia/BRBPR
6 causes of lower GIB
hemorrhoids
anal fissure
proctitis
polyps
colorectal ca
diverticulitis
painless bleeding w. wiping
hemorrhoids
severe rectal pain w. defecation
anal fissure
painless rectal bleeding
no red flag signs
polyps
increased IOP -> optic n damage decreased flow of aqueous humor thru trabecula -> increased pressure in anterior chamber
acute glaucoma
2 types of glaucoma
open angle - mc
angle closure - emergency
acute glaucoma triad
injected conjunctiva
steamy cornea
fixed, dilated pupil
sx of acute angle closure glaucoma
painful vision loss
tearing
n/v
diaphoresis
tx for acute angle closure glaucoma (4)
emergent ophto referral
IV acetazolamide
topical timolol
iridotomy
moa for acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
med contraindicated in acute angle closure glaucoma
mydriatics
2 sx of open angle glaucoma
loss of peripheral vision
increased cup to disc ratio
management of angle closure glaucoma
ophto referral
1st line: latanoprost
timolol
acetazolamide
laser vs surgery
moa for latonoprost
prostaglandin analog
respiratory failure characterized by fluid collecting in the lungs and depriving organs of O2
ARDS
5 rf for ARDS
critically ill
sepsis - mcc
trauma
aspiration
near-drowning
hallmark presentation of ARDS (4)
-rapid onset of profound dyspnea 12-24 hr after precipitating event
-tachypnea
-pink frothy sputum
-crackles
CXR findings of ARDS
air bronchograms
bilat fluffy infiltrate