Critical Appraisal 2 Flashcards
Case Control study
What steps are involved
Does study address specific issue?
Recruitment - cases and controls
Exposures
Confounders
Results
Case control study
What steps are involved
- Does study address a specific issue
Does study address specific issue? e.g population study, whether study tried to detect a benefit or harm effect, the risk factors studied
Is a case control study appropriate
Case control study
What steps are involved
- Recruitment
Cases:
clear definition
sufficient numbers to power study
Controls:
matched or random
pulled from same population as cases
sufficient numbers to power study
Case control study
What steps are involved
- Exposure
Clearly defined
subjective v objective - is there recall bias?
measures validated
temporal relationship ie exposure precedes case
Case control study
What steps are involved
- confounders
are confounders listed - does analysis take this in to account
are any confounders missing
Case control study
What steps are involved
- results
Are results reported with p-values
are confounders and non-responders considered
are results biologically plausible
do results fit with out available evidence
how do results affect my population
Cohort study
What steps are involved
Does study address specific question
Recruitment
Exposure
Outcome
Confounders
Results
Cohort study
What steps are involved
- Does study address specific question
Does study address a specific question e.g population studied, risk factors studied
Cohort study
What steps are involved
- recruitment
are the cohorts a representative population
any inbuilt bias
Cohort study
What steps are involved
- Exposure
Clearly defined exposure e.g smoking
any inbuilt bias
Cohort study
What steps are involved
- outcome
clearly defined outcome measured, which answers the initial question
Cohort study
What steps are involved
- confounders
Have these been listed and taken into account
Cohort study
What steps are involved
- results
How are results listed
relative risk v absolute risk
NNT
are results biologically plausible
are results applicable to my population
