criminology 4.1 Flashcards
what is it meant by a policy
an idea/plan of what to do in a particular situation.
what is meant by a informal policy
a less controlled and restricted way to deal with crime
who makes policy
groups of people/ an institution/ goverment
who would make informal policy
neighbourhood watch PSA act
what does chemical castration suggest
that criminals eg sex offenders have high testosterone levels
is chemical castration a crime control or state punishment policy
crime control
what is chemical castration policy
this is a drug given to sex offenders to reduce their sex drive and sexual activity to stop
pros and cons of chemical castration
pros:
less that 10% of 626 chemical castration patients reoffended 5 years later
cons:
un ethical, no enough support on its effectiveness, people still committed the crime
what does the death penalty suggest
this suggest the genetic theory that criminals behaviour can’t be changed
what is the death penalty
a punishment where a criminal is killed by the state as a punishment for their crime/crimes
effectiveness of the death penalty
pros:
when executions increase murders decrease
cons:
states with the deaths penalty have high murder rates
what does diet/medication suggest
this suggest that low serotonin levels are linked to aggression and diet can help improve it.
what is the diet/medication policy
prisoners lack essential nutrients and this offers prisoners a vitamin rich diet.
effectiveness of diet/medication
pros prisoners who took the vitamins helped reduce violent nature
is diet/medication crime control or state punishment
crime control
what does token economy suggest
behaviourist say that crime I learnt though nature. operant conditioning suggest behaviour can be shaped through rewards and punishments.
what is token economy policy
a technique used in a prison to shape behaviour. if offenders desire something they can earn rewards to get it through good behaviour act
is token economy crime control or state punishment
crime control
effectiveness of token economy
in 2004 it was used to help young offenders with behaviour problems . it was overall effective but had to be adapted for certain individuals
what does anger management suggest
faulty thinking can lead to aggression and criminality
what is anger management policy
it helps bring awareness of offenders behaviours and helps the improve self control
is anger management crime control or state punishment
crime control
effectiveness of anger management
prisoners found themselves to be less aggressive (also rated by the officers) when used violent behaviour decreased
what does psychoanalysis suggest
suggest behaviour is a result of the unconscious mind where we have repressed memories
what is psychoanalysis policy
tries to bring unconscious thoughts to conscious level where they can be dealt with.
is psychoanalysis crime control or state punishment
crime control
effectiveness of psychoanalysis
pros:
can work swell as other therapies
cons:
can waste time, could make things worse, expensive, might not work
what does the zero tolerance policing suggest
right realist believe that society should get tougher on crime .
what is zero tolerance policing policy
zero tolerance policing involves police not tolerating even smaller crimes (such as graffiti)
is zero tolerance policing crime control or state punishment
crime control
effectiveness of zero tolerance policing
pros:
zero tolerance policing was introduced in 1993 New York major crime fell by 39%
what does the prison suggest
suggest increase the cost of crime such as prison
what is prison policy
prison is used to incapacitate , rehabilitate, prevent reoffending and deter
is prison crime control or state punishment
state punishment
effectiveness of prison
pros:
prisons act as a family giving morals to prisoners
cons:
25% of prisoners released reoffend. recidivism rates are high after prison
what does the multi agency working suggest
left realist suggest people feel relatively deprived and see crime as their only option due to marginalisation
what Is multi agency working policy
left realism believes that multi agency working is needed to prevent people feeling pushed out from society
is multi agency working crime control or state punishment
crime control
effectiveness of multi agency working
pros:
allows authorities to get information for safeguarding
