CRIMINAL Flashcards
what are the different types of crime and explain a point about each
violent - a threat of or physical harm is caused to a person
drug related - selling, buying or being in possession of
acquisitive - the offender gains something from the victim for example money from a house (theft)
sexual - any crimes which sexual behaviour is implied
anti-social - behaviour by a person which causes stress to a person outside the offenders household
what is criminal behaviour
any act that goes against the law
what is a social norm
the acceptable standards of behaviour in a society or the way in which most people behave
what does it mean when there is a deviation from a social norm
where a behaviour isn’t performed in the way society expects them to
what is the role of culture in social norms
a collective set or norms that determines a way of life for many people. as cultures change over time so do social norms
how is crime measured
official statistics, self reported
why is self reported crime not reliable
not all crimes are necessarily reported and therefor not an accurate measure of amount of people
how are prisons used to reduce anti social behaviour
taking away freedom as well as rights and privileges
how are fines used to reduce anti social behaviour
money is an incentive to committing crimes such as theft so a loss of money should have the opposite effect
how is community services used to reduce anti social behaviour
offenders are giving up their time to give back to society and they don’t want to be seen doing these actions therefor their behaviour decreases
what does deterrent mean
something that discourages someone to do something. an example of this would be the punishment on the other side of a crime
what is restorative justice
a method of rehabilitation when the offender of the crime meets with the victim to take responsibility over their actions. they are recommended to apologise, return any money or items and complete community service bringing them back into community
what is a positive role model
a method of rehabilitation where offenders observe behaviour of a pro-social model so they can learn how to behave.
what is the theory of nature
behaviour is influenced by internal factors such as genetics - what we are born with
what is the theory of nurture
behaviour is influenced by external factors such as life experiences - what we learn from the environment and society surrounding us
what is the social learning theory
all behaviour is learnt through observation and that children are particularly influenced by what they see
who developed the social learning theory
albert bandura
what can the social learning theory explain
many behaviours such as aggression and criminality
what is an example of a real life situation where the social learning theory can apply
two ten year old boys murdered a young boy. it was alleged that the boys were watching violent films and therefore imitated the behaviour they observed in the film.
what are role models
a person looked to by others as an example to be imitated.
what is vicarious reinforcement and an example of it
when a certain behaviour increases as a result of observing others being rewarded for the same behaviour
a role model could commit a crime and receive a higher status level
what is vicarious punishment and an example of it
when a certain behaviour is decreased after observing others being punished for the same behaviour
a role model could commit a crime and be sent to jail as a consequence
what does the term direct reinforcement mean
if one is successful in committing a criminal behaviour they will be directly reinforced and feel able to commit this crime again
what does the term internalisation mean
the behaviour no longer needs to be reinforced for it to occur people will repeat the behaviour no matter the consequences.
