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Forensic Photography > Crime Scene > Flashcards

Crime Scene Flashcards

1
Q

why does there need to be a photo identifier?

A

enables every image to be associated back to the photographer and the specific crime scene

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2
Q

when is the photo identifier picture taken?

A

first photo
fill the frame

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3
Q

what does the photo identifier contain?

A

case number
date (when first photo is taken)
location
photographer name
roll/memory card

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4
Q

photo id is the 1st type of documentation. new identifier if any ?

A

of the above info changes

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5
Q

gives ? gray scale:

A

18%
light meter/metering correctly

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6
Q

what is the second type of documentation?

A

photo log

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7
Q

what does the photo log do?

A

helps to identify or correct issues with natural handshake of bluriness (1/15th to 1/60th)

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8
Q

why is the photo log important?

A

court purposes to “refresh memory” of the specifics of the images
can help determine why an image was not properly exposed

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9
Q

when is the best time to log photos?

A

immediately log each photo as taken

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10
Q

what is the third type of documentation?

A

labeled scale

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11
Q

when to use labeled scale?

A

close-up photos of evidence
6 inch gray scale

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12
Q

what are the various color scales?

A

usually gray- same light reflectance
white (light object), black (darker object), and fluorescent scales (fluorescent (finger powder)

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13
Q

what does the labeled scale contain?

A

-case number
-photographer name/ initials
-date
-item number (evidence)

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14
Q

rule of thumb: the scale must be on the same plane as the evidence. what about a 1” deep shoe impression?

A

need to go 1” deep as well

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15
Q

what does taken from a natural perspective mean?

A

typically, use normal lens
natural eye-level height, no stooping down or on tip toes (50 mm)

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16
Q

what do you photograph/ where do you start?

A

exterior overalls
-including location reference
-entire exterior, each side/facade
-entrances/exits

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17
Q

why is there a location reference?

A

showing where the object is located with street signs/building signs

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18
Q

2 options for taking exterior overalls - large scenes

A

may need FPP overlapping photos or
diagonal views with large areas

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19
Q

which is preferred for exterior overalls?

A

typically FPP

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20
Q

Why is FPP preferred?

A

DOF__ is equal on one plane​
Flash__ will better light all areas​
Shows all possible means of ingress/egress at large size​
Fixed features on façade are better seen

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21
Q

what should the exterior overalls show?

A

shows surrounding areas - 360 degrees
-views toward scene
-views away from scene
-vehicles near area

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22
Q

general rule for exterior overalls; may be completed before search warrant is obtained, no expectation of ?

A

stand in all four corners and take 360 degree photos
no expectation of privacy since it is on the exterior

23
Q

where do you start for interior overalls?

A

start from entrance
may need to include hallways, lobby, stairwells

24
Q

what type of lens to use for interior overalls?

A

typically, use normal lens

25
Q

photograph each room from ? floor to ceiling, 360 degrees

A

corner to corner

26
Q

photos should ? the scene

A

walk you through

27
Q

many times a wide angle may be used.
Do they accurately portray dimensions of a room?​
Is this still “fair and accurate”?

A

Corner to corner series shows a more fair and accurate

28
Q

May also need film plane parallel views… which may require overlapping views. what issues arise with this?

A

“hot spots”, reflections, shadows from direct flash…..​
Use bounce flash​
__Non-normal scene i.e. white walls__, trying to get 18% reflection (light and dark, floor being darker while ceiling is lighter)
FPP shows more of the white walls (not floor or ceiling), dirty snow effect, underexposed

29
Q

What rooms/areas do you have to take interior overalls?

A

4 corner to corner shots of each rooms even if evidence is not located there

30
Q

what is the purpose of midrange photographs?

A

Shows relation between individual items (i.e. evidence) and __other items or fixed features___​

Shows where the items are __located__ within the scene​

Typically, taken from natural perspective​

Use proper __viewpoint__ to avoid perspective distortion

31
Q

how to take a midrange photo?

A

form isosceles triangle
fixed feature: inside; edges of walls, corners of walls, edges of door frames, corner of window inside; corner of building, roadway possibly

32
Q

what is a close-up photo?

A

“as in” “in situ” - without scale

33
Q

how to take a close-up photo?

A

Position __directly over the evidence___, film plane parallel to the evidence surface (90 degrees)​

Fill the frame… close-up filters / macro lens needed for small items​
Use f-11 for comparison photos​

One (1) photograph is now taken

34
Q

second type of close-up photo

A

photo with a labeled scale

35
Q

A scale is placed adjacent to the item and another photograph is taken. what is included on the photo id?

A

_case number__​

_item number__​

_initials___​

_date__

36
Q

how should the scale be places next to the item?

A

it should be level

37
Q

why use a scale?

A

Shows __size__​

May be _enlarged__ to true life size​

Labeling information helps in __documentation__

38
Q

third type of close-up photo

A

altered

39
Q

why would you alter an item? how to alter an item?

A

Rule of Thumb: Should be done in a way that makes it immediately obvious to the viewer that the item has been “altered”
-To get more documentation on other sides of the evidence by flipping it over​ (ex: change background)

40
Q

what type of photos are taken of the body?

A

Include body in overalls (of scene), midrange, and close-ups (of body)​
Entire body does not need to be included in midrange shot
Close-ups = body panorama

41
Q

types of close-up photos that are taken of the body

A

-All four sides, full-face shot, and _shot directly over body__(NO!)
-one from the head to toes, toes to head (vertical orientation), ​
-overhead shot: extend tripod, mount camera, then use timer/remote device to press the shutter button

42
Q

how to take a full-face photo?

A

Watch shadows… proper flash position​

Camera held vertical​

Film plane parallel to face not ground

43
Q

what is the wound sequence?

A

First, make sure you have permission to gain access to wounds on deceased persons​

Overalls of wounds are included in the close-ups of body (completed in body panorama), midrange of wound, and close-ups with and without scale of wound

44
Q

what do you relate the wound to in a midrange photo?

A

relate to a fixed feature

45
Q

frequent problems of the wound sequence photos

A

White skin and dark skin= non-normal scenes, not 18% …. Must compensate​ (use +1/-1 to compensate for dark and light)

Bloody = reflects more light…. Must compensate​

__Burned/Charred_ = absorbs light… Must compensate

46
Q

how to take other body/wound photos

A

Look for identifying features /effects​

Scars, tattoos, birth marks, wallet, engraved jewelry, etc.​
At this point, the “as found” body/wound photographs are complete

47
Q

not done yet with body/wound photos?

A

Now, the body may be rolled to repeat documentation on other side

48
Q

why take a photo of the body sealed in body bag?

A

to show that we are maintaining our chain of custody

49
Q

body panorama with clothing

A

Midrange and close-ups of defects, blood, patterns, etc i.e. bullet holes in shirt​

May use ladder for shot directly over body

50
Q

body panorama without clothing

A

Midrange and close-ups of wounds​

May use ladder for shot directly over body

51
Q

other types of photos of the bodies at autopsy

A

Midrange and close-ups of internal examination and any injuries, signs of illness, etc.​
Photograph x-rays

52
Q

how to take photos of living persons with injuries?

A

Take body panorama including full-face, midrange of each injury, and close-ups with and without scale of each injury​
Check all areas, people may be reluctant to show you everything​
Cover up sensitive areas when possible

53
Q

what’s wrong with this picture?

A

No scale or fixed reference point, Not including the face, one body part at a time. Whole hospital gown does not need to be lifted up

Forensic Photography (7 decks)

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