Composition and Cardinal Rules

Question 1

cardinal rule #1

Answer 1

FTF - fill the frame

Question 2

how do we ftf?

Answer 2

1. Get __close____ to the primary subject​
2. _zoom______ in​
3. Use appropriate horizontal/vertical camera _viewpoint/orientation___________​
4. Eliminate the irrelevant… “get rid of garbage”- distracting from primary subject​
5. Shadow control​
6. Lens flare

Question 3

2 types of orientation

Answer 3

-horizontal
-vertical

Question 4

how to eliminate a shadow?

Answer 4

1. Eliminate altogether by placing your own body’s shadow over the evidence or “forensic umbrella”​
   Or​
2. Use flash

Question 5

how to fix lens flare?

Answer 5

Use a lens hood or ‘poor man’s version’ use hand, clipboard, umbrella to block sun

Question 6

cardinal rule #2

Answer 6

maximize depth of field

Question 7

what is depth of field

Answer 7

the amount of the scene (foreground to background) that’s in focus
can be variable

Question 8

why is it important to have a good DOF?

Answer 8

1. If out of focus, it may not be a “fair and accurate representation of the scene”​
2. Defense can say possible exculpatory evidence was located in out of focus areas​
3. Defense can say photographer is incompetent

Question 9

how to create better DOF?

Answer 9

__Reciprocal_______ Exposure- use smallest aperture by altering shutter speed and aperture combination to give same exposure result​

Hyperfocal focus- infinity is in background (large scenes)​

Zone focus- infinity is not in background (smaller scenes)​

Use a tripod- prefocus and then move camera/tripod closer until it is in focus  ensures primary subject is as large as possible

Question 10

cardinal rule #3

Answer 10

keep the film plane/ digital sensor parallel (FPP)