crime prevention

Question 1

part c strategies for crime prevention

Answer 1

increase detection- through neighbourhood watch schemes,
newman found importance of maintaining defensible spaces in communities
increasing risk of getting caught deters ppl
e,g cctv, safety alarms etc.

zero tolerance policy
sousa found for every 28 misdemeanour arrests, there was one less violent crime

Question 3

discuss ethnocentrism of research into social crime prevention

Answer 3

p1- individualistic culture
Wilson and Kellinf, new jersey, improve police presence on streets
allowed people to feel safer
American
may not be generalisable to collectivist cultures, people may not feel safe around police, more crimes may occur

p2-westernised justice system
Souza found for every 28 misdemeanour crime that was punished, 1 less violent crime occurred
encourage punishment for all crime e.g fine and community service
not generalisable to other justice systems
e.g. Sharia Law

p3- crime is universal
so prevents to stop it can occur everywhere
Newman found more defensible spaces there was, less crime that occurred e.g more crime in Van Dyke than Brownsville
control over courtyards and gardens
less crime- safer

Question 4

crime prevention methodoligical

Answer 4

p1- low pop validity
wilson and kellinf- New jersey, America
individualistic culture so ethnocentric
limits practical apps
BUT
reduces risk of individual differences
higher control over extraneous variables
allowing cuase and effect to be inferred
making the study more scientific
increase inf chance of finding

p2- high ecological validity
Zimbardos study in the Bronx and Palo Alto
investigate how they act towards an abondabded car, supported broken window theory- disorderly neighbourhoods lead to serious crimes
has high mundane realism
true representation of a real life situation
BUT
due to being a field experiment, it is harder to standardise procedure,
high risk of extraneous variables effecting results
so is not standardised
lacks internal reliability
so cannot repeat the study in the future
only has snapshot undertstanding, can’t be longitudinal