collection and processing of forensic evidence

Question 1

Dror sample and method

Answer 1

27 americsn university students,
found when it was crime involving harm rather than theft, it made pps more likely for students to wrongly match the fingerprint
shows how emotional context creates motivational context and generates incorrect results

ALL NOVICE- NEW

Question 2

dror pros and cons

Answer 2

high internal-lab setting
low ecological- lab setting
but
high- uni students doing uni task has mundane realism
low pop validity- university students, ethnocentric
internal reliability- standardised
external reliability- quantitative
ethics- informed consent

Question 3

dror debate

Answer 3

situational/ nurutre- nature of crime affects motivational bias
determinism- predetermined due to being novice
reductionist- only comsiders the impact the context the crime has.

Question 4

Hall and Player method

Answer 4

lab but tried to make natural through doing in New Scotland Yard and within working hours
independent measures
iv- low context (forgery) high context (murder)
dv- if they read written report, judgement of finer mark, would they be confident to present it as evidence
finger print on £50 note was manipulated to make it hard to identify, all were identical
given magnifying glass and russel comparator
told to treat it like typical day, talk etc.
completed demographic sheet, which was confidential
given typical case report- fingerprint form, test marks, scene examiners examination report.
then decide: identification
non identification
insufficient, not enough detail to undertake comparioson
insufficeint to establish identity
then asked to elaborate with opinions
given feedback sheet, asked if they read crime scene examination report and which bit thet read, and if it affected analysis

Question 4

Hall and player aim and sample

Answer 4

aim-investigate effect of context of crime on finger print indentification by experts, does it affect their judgement and does it emotionally affect them?

sample-70 fingerprint experts working for Metropolitan Police Fingerprint Bearau, all volunteers

Question 5

Hall and Player results and conclsuions

Answer 5

57/70 read it
52 of 30% who read high emotion context felt affected, only 6% in low context
high context- 6 identified
low context- 7 identified

conclusions-emotional context affects finger print expert anaylsis but not their final decision

Question 6

Hall and Player practical applications

Answer 6

train novices to become experts, allow them to overcome emotional context, more confident when making decisions

Question 7

hall and player pros and cons

Answer 7

lab- high internal validty
high ecological validity- doing their job in a typical location (New Scotland Yard)
high internal- standardises
high external- quantitative
ethics- confidentiality, conset etc,
low pop validity- ethnocentric, uk
finge rprint experts

Question 8

hall and player debates

Answer 8

nature- more professional, not affected by context
reductionist- only affected by context and not the crime
free will- choose to not let it affect their final decision
supports psych as a science

Question 9

nature nurture debate

Answer 9

define
nature- hall and player why etc
strength- psych as a science, infer cause and effect
weakness- determinsim removes the blame

nurture- Dror, lack of experience, being novice
strength- practical applications, more training will allow them to improve
weakness- reductionist, only considers experience