Crime - c1900 - present

Question 1

What are some crimes which have continued but also slightly changed? (3)

Answer 1

Theft (of computers and transport). Violent crimes (with different weapons). Drink driving (although before it was on a horse drawn coach)

Question 2

What are 3 mostly new crimes?

Answer 2

1. Cybercrime - online theft; fraud. Thousands can be targeted at once. 2. Smuggling - cigs alcohol and drugs. Also people trafficking. 3. Terrorism - 2005 - members of Al Qaeda attacked tubes and buses. 52 were killed.

Question 3

What are some completely new crimes?

Answer 3

1. Racism - 2010 Equality Act. 2. Drugs - debate about all illegal or personal choice. Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 makes it illegal. 3. Driving offences - no drinking; speeding; ignoring traffic lights or signs; while using phone or without a license.

Question 4

What are some changes in policing?

Answer 4

1. Motorised transport - reaches crimes faster but less police on the streets. 2. Armed - kinda look like soldiers. 3. Includes women and different ethnic groups.

Question 5

What are some examples of specialist police units?

Answer 5

National Crime Agency - detects and prevents serious organised crime e.g. drug trafficking. Special branch - each local force has one to prevent terrorism.

Question 6

How is the community part of law enforcement?

Answer 6

Neighbourhood Watch - volunteers increase vigilance and detect crime.

Question 7

How do police prevent crime?

Answer 7

Educate people through school assemblies etc.

Question 8

What is some new technology?

Answer 8

1. Radios. 2. DNA evidence and finger prints. 3. CCTV.

Question 9

When was the death penalty abolished?

Answer 9

1965 but under HRA in 1998.

Question 10

Why was the death penalty abolished?

Answer 10

1. People believed in rehabilitation and paying back to society. 2. Controversial cases.

Question 11

What were 2 controversial cases?

Answer 11

1950 - Timothy Evans who was hung for murdering his wife and baby but he was innocent. 1950 - Ruth Ellis - hung for murdering her abusive boyfriend.

Question 12

What were some differences in terms of prison?

Answer 12

1. Different prisons for different crimes e.g. open vs high - security. 2. Since 1907 - released on probation. 3.1948 - hard labour and corporal punishment was abolished. 4. Young offenders institutions were set up for kids. 5. 6% of prisoners are women.

Question 13

What are some new punishments?

Answer 13

Community service and electronic tagging. Restorative justice.

Question 14

Who were conscientious objectors?

Answer 14

People who rejected military service due to religious or moral beliefs

Question 15

How were conscientious objectors treated in WW1? (5)

Answer 15

1. A clause in law excused conscientious objectors. 2. 16000 refused to fight. 3. Only 400 were given total exemption. 4. Alternativists were given non combatant roles like ambulance driver. 5. Absolutists were imprisoned and given brutal treatment.

Question 16

How were conscientious objectors treated in WW2?

Answer 16

1. A clause in law excused conscientious objectors. 2. 59000 refused to fight. 3. Everyone was given exemption apart from 12000. 4. Small percentage of those not given exemption went to prison but were not treated harshly.

Question 17

How did the public see conscientious objectors?

Answer 17

Cowards and traitors. Some were shouted at in the streets and abused. White feather given during WW1.

Question 18

What was the Derek Bentley case?

Answer 18

Was hung for murdering policeman - his friend actually shot him but was too young so he was imprisoned. Bentley was instead. “Let him have it” 1953

Question 19

Why as Bentley’s case significant?

Answer 19

1. Number of people had now been falsely killed. 2. Public and media coverage. 3. Mental age of 10 and didn’t even shoot him!