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Sociology > Crime and deviance > Flashcards

Crime and deviance Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is deviant behaviour?

A

behaviour that doesn’t perform to society’s expectations, not necessarily illegal

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2
Q

what is a crime

A

a socially unacceptable action which endangers others and breaks the law

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3
Q

differnce between crime and deviance

A

deviance isn’t the done thing but doesn’t endanger anyone and isn’t illegal

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4
Q

why is it okay to break some laws and not others?

A

depends on severity and frequency

minimal effect it has

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5
Q

how are crime and deviance related to time and place

A

can change severity, eg smoking in a smoking place vs smoking in a non-smoking area

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6
Q

what are formal rules?

A

they are written laws that guide someone’s behaviour in a social setting

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7
Q

what are informal rules?

A

unwritten rules that we take for granted, eg queuing

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8
Q

what is social control?

A

the ways in which a society ensures its members conform to rules

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9
Q

functionalist views about social control?

A

they believe it is about agreement between people and organisations

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10
Q

what do marxist believe about social control?

A

its based on the wealthy having power over the lower classes

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11
Q

what is formal social control?

A

based on written rules

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12
Q

what is informal social control?

A

enforced by the reaction of others

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13
Q

how do psychologists explain deviance

A

traits of offenders, such as impulsive behaviour

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14
Q

how do biologists explain deviance?

A

they focus on the genetics of criminals and how this can lead to antisocial behaviour

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15
Q

what are agencies of social control

A

they work to stop people commiting crimes and deviant behaviour

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16
Q

examples of agencies of social control (2)

A

police

government

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17
Q

how do sociologists explain criminal and deviant behaviour?

A

focus on social factors, such as socialisation and deprivation

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18
Q

how does the labelling theory explain criminal and deviant behaviour

A

stereotypical looking criminals get fed up of being labelled as criminal so conform to this expectation

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19
Q

how might inadequate socialisation lead to CandD

A

depends on who you see as a rolemodel and how exposed you are to criminal behaviour

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20
Q

why might unequal life chances lead to c and d

A

desperation; people commit crimes to try and get the status or money needed for these chances

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21
Q

what are the main sources of data on the extent of crime

A

official statistics

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22
Q

what is a victim survey/self-report study

A

when the government asks adults questions about crime so compiles data on it

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23
Q

how far do official statistics measure the extent of crime?

A

not all crime is discovered, reported or recorded

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24
Q

what is meant by the’social construction’ of official statistics?

A

biased based on the image they want to project

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25
Q

what is the relationship between crime and age?

A

criminal activity is more common in young people

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26
Q

relationship between crime and gender

A

suggests that men are more likely to commit crimes than women

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27
Q

why are crime rates involving women increasing?

A

changing social position of women and changing attitudes

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28
Q

what is the hidden figure of crime?

A

the number of unreported crimes committed

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29
Q

explanations for young people getting involved in crime (4)

A

peer pressure
socialisation
unsupervised time with peers
parent impact

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30
Q

why are men more likely to be criminals than women?

A

biological differences; men are more likely to be impulsive and resort to violent behaviours

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31
Q

why are ethnic minorities more liley to be stopped by police

A

stereotypes

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32
Q

what is white collar crime?

A

when a person you wouldn’t expect commits a crime for money

33
Q

what impact does crime have on society

A

impacts on way of life , people often very scared

34
Q

why are working class more likely to be criminals than upper class

A

desperation

35
Q

why is there more crime in urban areas?

A

larger population

larger inequality

36
Q

what are the four explanations that marxists have for crime

A

individual motivation
basis of laws
law enforcement
law creation

37
Q

how do the basis of laws explain crime

A

laws are made by the powerful to benefit and protect them

38
Q

how does law creation explain crime

A

bourgeoisie impose their beliefs on the rest of the population

39
Q

how does law enforcement explain crime

A

different groups are treated unequally in the justice system

laws reflect interests of ruling class

40
Q

how does individual motivation explain crime

A

economic self interest, greed and personal gain

41
Q

what is lambrosso’s biological theory of explanation

A

criminals have certain characteristics, such as large jaw size

42
Q

what does Durkheim think about crime

A

the reaction to a crime helps bind communities together

43
Q

difference between sociological view on crime and functionalist

A

functionalists focus on role crime plays in society where sociologists try and explain it

44
Q

summary of marxist view on crime

A

people commit crimes because of two reasons: consumerism and competition

45
Q

what is consumerism?

A

wanting more and better goods

46
Q

how does relative deprivation explain crime

A

people commit crimes to get what they feel they have been deprived from

47
Q

how does the opportunity structure explain crim

A

people commit crime because they can’t achieve the socially acceptable goals

48
Q

how does subculture theory explain crime

A

different subcultures teach people different things and this can include truancy etc

49
Q

how does inadequate socialisation explain crime

A

if we are socialised in a criminal environment to learn to accept criminal behaviours, then we carry this onto adult life

50
Q

name four reasons for crim

A

relative deprivation
opportunity structure
subculture theory
inadequate socialisation

51
Q

what is the master status?

A

when people are looked at solely on the basis of one act

52
Q

what are the four factors marxists believe make crime

A

individual motivation
law enforcement
basis of laws
law creation

53
Q

what is capitalism?

A

there is one group that benefits from the rest of society

54
Q

four functoions for crime according to functionalists

A

social cohesion
changing values
safety valve
reaffirming boundaries

55
Q

how does crime affect social cohesion?

A

when a devastating event happens, the community binds together

56
Q

how is safety valve a function of crime

A

deviant acts release pressure in society

57
Q

how is changing values a function of crime?

A

an outpour of support from the public can change laws and values

58
Q

how is reaffirming boundaries a function of crime?

A

everytime a person is punished it reminds poeple of what they can and can’t do

59
Q

what is a folk devil?

A

when a person o group are portrayed as deviant by the media

60
Q

what is someone’s image

A

the character projected to the public by the media

61
Q

what is deviancy amplification?

A

when the media exaggerates an event

62
Q

what is a benefit cheat?

A

someone illegally claiming benefits they aren’t entitles to

63
Q

what is agenda setting?

A

the idea that the media control the issues that people think about

64
Q

what are gatekeepers

A

people who control the access to information , service and good

65
Q

what are news values

A

determines how much coverage an event receives

66
Q

what are asylum seekers

A

a person who left their home country as a political refugee

67
Q

what is an anomie

A

instability resulting from a breakdown of norms and values

68
Q

what is deliquency

A

failure to do what the law requires

69
Q

what is the structural theory

A

the idea that society is a framework that promotes solidarity and stability

70
Q

what are deviant careers?

A

the process by which an individual comes to accept a deviant self identity

71
Q

why might a crime not be detected?n

A

not known about (eg thinking you lost your phone when someone took it)

72
Q

Why is youth crime seen as a social problem?

A

these youth grow up to become violent frequent criminals

73
Q

what is Antisocial behaviour

A

behaviour that is endangering another person

74
Q

what is the chivalry thesis

A

the idea that the legal system is more lenient on women

75
Q

what is conformity

A

compliance with laws, norms and values

76
Q

what is peer pressure?

A

influence from other people lie the person

77
Q

why might a victim survey not give an accurate picture of crimes committed?

A

didn’t know they happened

can be altered by government - bias

78
Q

how has the government tried to reduce anti-social behaviour?

A

more cctv

police officers dedicated to this purpose

79
Q

how has the government tried to reduce racist behaviour?

A

education in schools

Sociology (6 decks)

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