Crime And Deviance Flashcards
Explain Durkheim’s theories of crime and deviance
-lack of clear norms can lead to anomie
-boundary maintenance
-social solidarity
-collective conscious
-Adaption and change
Explain Merton’s theories of crime and deviance
Strain theory - striving for the American dream
Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, Rebellion
Explain Albert Cohen’s theories of crime and deviance
Status frustration can push w-class youths to deviant subcultures
Explain Hirschi’s theories of crime and deviance
Bonds of attachment - people don’t commit crime due to beliefs, involvement, commitment, attachment
Explore Cloward and Ohlin’s theories of crime and deviance
Illegitimate opportunity structures influence the type of subculture joined/ created. Criminal/ Conformity/ Retreatist subcultures
Explain Miller’s theories of crime and deviance
Focal concerns of the working class. (Fate, autonomy, smartness, toughness, excitement, trouble)
Explain Bongor’s theories of crime and deviance
Capitalism is criminogenic
Explain Gordon’s theories of crime and deviance
Capitalism amplifies inequalities and then blames the w-class for their crimes
Explain Box’s theories of crime and deviance
Criminal law is a set of ideological constructs ( designed to criminalise those who arent linked to power)
Deviant Career
Explain Althusser’s theories of crime and deviance
Ideological & Repressive State Apparatus. Ideological control is about: Distraction, Justification/ legitimisation, Division
Explain Chambliss’ theories of crime and deviance
Laws protect the rich but white collar/ corporate crime costs more in money & lives.
Explain Becker’s theories of crime and deviance
deviance= social label which may develop into a “master status
Explain Lemert’s theories of crime and deviance
Primary and secondary deviance
Explain Cicourel’s theories of crime and deviance
Negotiation of justice
Explain Wilkins’s theories of crime and deviance
The media and “deviancy amplification spiral” (moral panics)
Explain Matza’s theories of crime and deviance
Delinquency drift. People drift in and out of delinquency due to subterranean values.
Explain Right Realism theories of crime and deviance
Biological differences/intelligence (Wilson & Herrnstein)
Socialisation and the underclass (Murray/New Right)
Broken windows theory (Wilson & Kelling)
Rational choice (Wilson/Ron Clarke-criminality as active choice)
Explain Lea and Young’s theories of crime and deviance
Relative deprivation
Marginalisation
Subculture (link to Cohen and Cloward & Ohlin)
Explain Henry & Hilovanovic’s theories of crime and deviance
Crime is an outdated notion. Rename to social harm
Explain Katz ‘s theories of crime and deviance
Seduction of crime.
Explain Lyng’s theories of crime and deviance
many young people see crime as edgework – a risky, fearful activity that provokes excitement due to its dangerous, edgy nature.
Explain Presdee’s theories of crime and deviance
Carnival of crime. Revolt against the mundane. Rules are made to be transgressed
Explain Young’s theories of crime and deviance
The media and Bulimic society encouraging a desire for goods and experience
Explain Foucault’s theories of crime and deviance
Surveillance in modern society
Explain Heidonsohn’s theories of crime and deviance
Malestream criminology, Double deviance, Social Control
Explain Carlen’s theories of crime and deviance
W/c women commit crime due to the lack of class and gender deal
Explain Adler’s theories of crime and deviance
Liberation Thesis - women commit more crimes due to liberation from patriarchy
Explain Cohen & Young’s theories of crime and deviance
‘News is not discovered but manufactured’
Explain Surette’s theories of crime and deviance
fictional representations of crime are often the opposite of real life
Explain Wilkins’ theories of crime and deviance
deviancy amplification and moral panics
Explain the Troubled Families Programme
- This policy aimed to ‘turn around’ problem families. Councils would receive funding to use to support families in appropriate ways
Explain the strengths and limitations of the Troubled Families Programme
+ Inspired by Left Realist research
+ Help to ‘turn around’
+ Saves money in the long run
- Concerns over the accuracy of data
- Expensive
-Councils could fake results
Explain the Restorative Justice Fund
The government announced £29 million to introduce more restorative justice measures
Explain the strengths and limitations of the Restorative Justice Funding
+ Reduces reoffending rates
+ Benefits for victims
- Worries over ‘soft approach to crime’
Explain the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (ABCPA)
-more police powers introduced to tackle anti-social behaviour
- more power to landlords and victims
Explain the strengths and limitations of the ABCPA
+ tackling petty crimes to deter from major crimes
-concerns about increased marginalisation
Explain the New York Transit Authority ‘Clean Car Program’
Graffiti on subway trains was required to be cleaned up within 2 hours or taken out of commission
Explain the strengths and limitations of the clean car program
+ Inspired by Right Realist approaches
+ Eventually reduced graffiti on the subway
- Concerns over displacement
Explain the NY Authority Bus Terminal toilet design
Bus terminals were redesigned to reduce opportunities for crime / deviance
Explain the strengths and limitations of the NYBT toilet design
+ Inspired by Right Realist approaches
+Situational crime prevention
- Concerns over displacement
Explain Police Recorded Statistics
Gathered using standardised recording procedures from police forces in England and Wales and the British Transport police
Explain the strengths and limitations of PRS
+ Large Sample
+ Tracks Demographic trends
- Dark Figure of Crime
- Fear of reporting crime
Explain Victim Surveys
Asking people whether they have been the victim of a crime
Explain the strengths and limitations of Victim Surveys
+ Reveals Dark Figure of Crime
+ Large Sample
- Relies on accuracy of victim memory
- Low response rates
Explain Self Report Studies
- Asking people to report on their own acts of crime or deviance
explain the strengths and limitations of Self Report Studies
+ uncovers more of the dark figure of crime
