cresyl violet Flashcards
what is cresyl violet
a synthetic dye
what type of staining is cresyl violet
a type of nissl staining
what does cresyl violet stain
cell bodies in neuronal tissues
what is the nissl body
rough ER
what are nissl granules
ribosomes
what does cresyl violet bind
RNA
why does cresyl violet bind RNA
RNA is acidic and basophilic so it binds basic dyes
uses for cresyl violet
identify the tract of an elctrode or canula. 2. identify a lesioned area of the brain
what is a type of staining that stains myelin
luxol fast blue
what does a golgi stain stain and what does it use to stain
uses silver nitrate to stain whole neurons. BUT it only stains some neurons
what did the golgi stain inspire
neuron doctrine
what is the method for cresyl violet staining
wash sections in distilled water submerge in cresyl violet stain rinse dehydrate in a series of alcohol baths with increasing concentration clear tissue with xylene or histoclear coverslip observe with bright field microscopy
what did we use to clear the tissue
histoclear
what does histoclear do
removes fats
what mounting medium did we use for cresyl violet staining
permount mounting medium
what are bregma and lambda
landmarks on the skull based on the fusion of skull bone plates
is bregma or lambda more rostral
bregma
what do we use bregma for
to locate different brain regions
is the measurement rostral of bregma positive or negative
positive
which layer of the cortex is most external
1
how many layers of the cortex are there
6
which layers of the corte can we see on the rat brain
1 and 4
what are the sheets of tissue we see in the hippocampus called
dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis/ ammons horn (CA)
what are neural circuits in the hippocampus studied for
long term potentionat (LTP) and long term depression (LDP)
what are LTP and LDP important for
learning and memory
what is the pathway of information flow in the hippocampus
- entorhinal cortex via perforant path
- mossy fibers of dentate gyrus
- CA3 pyramidal cells
- fornix or pyramidal cells of CA1 via schaffer collaterals
what are the subnuclei of the thalamus (4)
- ventral posterior nucleus
- ventral lateral nucleus
- lateral geniculate nucleus
- medial geniculate nucleus
function of the VPN (ventral posterior nucleus)
somatosensory relay
where does the VPN project
post-central gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)
function of VLN (ventral lateral nucleus)
motor
where does VLN project
precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)
LGN function
visual thalamus
MGN function
hearing
anterior hypothalamus subnuclei (3)
- suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
- Supraoptic nucleus (SON)
- Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
function of the SCN (suprchiasmatic nucleus)
biological clock
where is the SCN located
abovve the optic chiasm (more medial ) and ventral
function of the SON (supraoptic nucleus)
water and salt balance
i
p
function of PVN (paraventricular nucleus )
autonomic and neuroendocrine funtion
bridge between neuro and endocrine system, controls pituitary
where is PVN located
more dorsal and medial
posterior hypothalamic nuclei (3)
- ventromedial nucleus (VMH)
- Arcuate nucleus (arc)
- Dorsomedial nucleus (DMH)
function of VMH (ventromedial nucleus)
feeding
function of Arc (Arcuate Nucleus)
feeding, growth hormone regulation
function of DMH (dorsomedial nucleus)
feeding, drinking, circadian activity
placement of posterior hypothalamic nuclei dorsal to ventral
DMH
VMH
Arc
lesions to what area of the brain causes pancake rat
VMH (ventromedial nucleus)
caudate putamen function
voluntary movement
what is diff about caudate putamen in rat
they are not separate structures
Nucleus accumbens function
motivation/aversion/reward/reinforcement behaviors
what neurotransmitter is involved with the nucleus accumbens
dopamine
function of septum (NOTE this is not the septum pellucidum)
pleasure center
how many amygdala nuclei are there
4
function of amygdala
fear learning and emotional behavior
piriform corte function
olfaction
how many layers in the pyriform cortex
3
