cresyl violet

Question 1

what is cresyl violet

Answer 1

a synthetic dye

Question 2

what type of staining is cresyl violet

Answer 2

a type of nissl staining

Question 3

what does cresyl violet stain

Answer 3

cell bodies in neuronal tissues

Question 4

what is the nissl body

Answer 4

rough ER

Question 5

what are nissl granules

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

what does cresyl violet bind

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

why does cresyl violet bind RNA

Answer 7

RNA is acidic and basophilic so it binds basic dyes

Question 8

uses for cresyl violet

Answer 8

identify the tract of an elctrode or canula. 2. identify a lesioned area of the brain

Question 9

what is a type of staining that stains myelin

Answer 9

luxol fast blue

Question 10

what does a golgi stain stain and what does it use to stain

Answer 10

uses silver nitrate to stain whole neurons. BUT it only stains some neurons

Question 11

what did the golgi stain inspire

Answer 11

neuron doctrine

Question 12

what is the method for cresyl violet staining

Answer 12

wash sections in distilled water
submerge in cresyl violet stain 
rinse
dehydrate in a series of alcohol baths with increasing concentration 
clear tissue with xylene or histoclear 
coverslip 
observe with bright field microscopy

Question 13

what did we use to clear the tissue

Answer 13

histoclear

Question 14

what does histoclear do

Answer 14

removes fats

Question 15

what mounting medium did we use for cresyl violet staining

Answer 15

permount mounting medium

Question 16

what are bregma and lambda

Answer 16

landmarks on the skull based on the fusion of skull bone plates

Question 17

is bregma or lambda more rostral

Answer 17

bregma

Question 18

what do we use bregma for

Answer 18

to locate different brain regions

Question 19

is the measurement rostral of bregma positive or negative

Answer 19

positive

Question 20

which layer of the cortex is most external

Answer 20

1

Question 21

how many layers of the cortex are there

Answer 21

6

Question 22

which layers of the corte can we see on the rat brain

Answer 22

1 and 4

Question 23

what are the sheets of tissue we see in the hippocampus called

Answer 23

dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis/ ammons horn (CA)

Question 24

what are neural circuits in the hippocampus studied for

Answer 24

long term potentionat (LTP) and long term depression (LDP)

Question 25

what are LTP and LDP important for

Answer 25

learning and memory

Question 26

what is the pathway of information flow in the hippocampus

Answer 26

1. entorhinal cortex via perforant path 2. mossy fibers of dentate gyrus 3. CA3 pyramidal cells 4. fornix or pyramidal cells of CA1 via schaffer collaterals

Question 27

what are the subnuclei of the thalamus (4)

Answer 27

1. ventral posterior nucleus 2. ventral lateral nucleus 3. lateral geniculate nucleus 4. medial geniculate nucleus

Question 28

function of the VPN (ventral posterior nucleus)

Answer 28

somatosensory relay

Question 29

where does the VPN project

Answer 29

post-central gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex)

Question 30

function of VLN (ventral lateral nucleus)

Answer 30

motor

Question 31

where does VLN project

Answer 31

precentral gyrus (primary motor cortex)

Question 32

LGN function

Answer 32

visual thalamus

Question 33

MGN function

Answer 33

hearing

Question 34

anterior hypothalamus subnuclei (3)

Answer 34

1. suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) 2. Supraoptic nucleus (SON) 3. Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

Question 35

function of the SCN (suprchiasmatic nucleus)

Answer 35

biological clock

Question 36

where is the SCN located

Answer 36

abovve the optic chiasm (more medial ) and ventral

Question 37

function of the SON (supraoptic nucleus)

Answer 37

water and salt balance

Question 38

i

Answer 38

p

Question 39

function of PVN (paraventricular nucleus )

Answer 39

autonomic and neuroendocrine funtion | bridge between neuro and endocrine system, controls pituitary

Question 40

where is PVN located

Answer 40

more dorsal and medial

Question 41

posterior hypothalamic nuclei (3)

Answer 41

1. ventromedial nucleus (VMH) 2. Arcuate nucleus (arc) 3. Dorsomedial nucleus (DMH)

Question 42

function of VMH (ventromedial nucleus)

Answer 42

feeding

Question 43

function of Arc (Arcuate Nucleus)

Answer 43

feeding, growth hormone regulation

Question 44

function of DMH (dorsomedial nucleus)

Answer 44

feeding, drinking, circadian activity

Question 45

placement of posterior hypothalamic nuclei dorsal to ventral

Answer 45

DMH VMH Arc

Question 46

lesions to what area of the brain causes pancake rat

Answer 46

VMH (ventromedial nucleus)

Question 47

caudate putamen function

Answer 47

voluntary movement

Question 48

what is diff about caudate putamen in rat

Answer 48

they are not separate structures

Question 49

Nucleus accumbens function

Answer 49

motivation/aversion/reward/reinforcement behaviors

Question 50

what neurotransmitter is involved with the nucleus accumbens

Answer 50

dopamine

Question 51

function of septum (NOTE this is not the septum pellucidum)

Answer 51

pleasure center

Question 52

how many amygdala nuclei are there

Answer 52

4

Question 53

function of amygdala

Answer 53

fear learning and emotional behavior

Question 54

piriform corte function

Answer 54

olfaction

Question 55

how many layers in the pyriform cortex

Answer 55

3