Credit test 1 more.... Flashcards
What is the ethiology of poisoning?
Disease of the organism with certain clinical symptoms caused by absorbable poison
- by food
- by water
- by inhalation
- by skin
Write down the ethiology of poisoning caused by absorbable noxa?
- per os with food
- per os with water
- per inhalation
- per cutis
What type of chromatographic methods do you know?
TLC - Thin layer Chromatography
GC - Gas Chromatography
HPLC - High pressure Chromatography
Diagnosis of intoxication?
-Anamnesis
-Clinical examination
-Postmortem
-CHTA
-Biological experiment
What does CHTA consist of?
Extraction
Purification
Detection
Can samples of CHTA be preserve with chemicals?
NO only by cooling/freezing
In fish poisoning we withdraw fish and water from CHTA. The water is withdrawn in amount of?
At least 1liter
What is the procedure in sampling of fish?
-Send the whole fish
-Send water from intoxicated area
-Add map of intoxicated area
-Send samples from place above the possible source of intoxication
Which methods are used for detection of toxic substances?
-Spectrophotometry (UV-light, IR light, visible light)
-Physical method
-Polarography
-Chromatography (TLC, GC, HPLC)
Determination methods post adjustment?
- Extraction
- Purification
- Detection
How might toxic substances be determined after it’s adjustment?
- H2O and organic solvent extraction
- Steam distillation
- Mineralization
Which compounds can we determine without sample adjustment?
- Mercury
-Arsenic
What is typical for Mercury?
- kill the erythrocytes
- black gingiva
Arsenic is determined in biological sample?
Without adjustment - Gutzeits test
Arsenic is described as?
- long term poison
- destroy cell membrane
- therapy: Natrium sulphate, Dimecapron (a.s)
Pb (lead) is qualitative determined with?
H2SO4 = White participate
What is the normal value of Urea concentration in milk?
2-7 mmol/l
Extra
8-12= dubious
>12 = intoxication
When do we use urea in food?
- for ruminants for synthesis of protein
- start with small amount and gradually increase it
- important to give forage with enough energy so pH of rumen is low, low pH decreases the action of Urease
Extra
- Urea > Urease > NH3 (toxic) + CO2
- NH3 is alkaline gas
- Therapy is to acidify rumen = Acetic acid or HCl
Calculation of Urea concentration in blood and milk?
Urea (mmol/l) = A1/A2 x 16.65
- A1= absorbance of sample
- A2 = absorbance of standard
Urea concentration in blood is determined by?
- water extraction and spectrophotometry
What is the course of Urea poisoning? (clinical symptoms)
-Increase of pH in rumen content
-Tremor, Fibrillation (Face and ears)
-Exopthalmus
-Increased respiratory rate
-Expressive jugular puls
-Pulmonary edema
-Groaning (abdominal pain)
-Staggering
-Foamy salivation
-Grinding teeth
-Bloating
-Cyanosis
-Hyperthermia
-Tonic colonic convolution
-Death within 2 hours
How do we quantitative determine MtHb in blood?
By spectrophotometry
What compounds cause methemoglobinaemia (MtHb)?
-Chlorates
-Carbamates
-Oxidases of nitrogen
-Aromatic nitro and amino compounds
What is the therapy in methemoglobinanemia
Methylene blue 1-2mg/kg intravenously in a 1-2% solution, it reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+
