Credit test 1 more....

Question 1

What is the ethiology of poisoning?

Answer 1

Disease of the organism with certain clinical symptoms caused by absorbable poison
- by food
- by water
- by inhalation
- by skin

Question 2

Write down the ethiology of poisoning caused by absorbable noxa?

Answer 2

• per os with food
• per os with water
• per inhalation
• per cutis

Question 3

What type of chromatographic methods do you know?

Answer 3

TLC - Thin layer Chromatography
GC - Gas Chromatography
HPLC - High pressure Chromatography

Question 4

Diagnosis of intoxication?

Answer 4

-Anamnesis
-Clinical examination
-Postmortem
-CHTA
-Biological experiment

Question 5

What does CHTA consist of?

Answer 5

Extraction
Purification
Detection

Question 6

Can samples of CHTA be preserve with chemicals?

Answer 6

NO only by cooling/freezing

Question 7

In fish poisoning we withdraw fish and water from CHTA. The water is withdrawn in amount of?

Answer 7

At least 1liter

Question 8

What is the procedure in sampling of fish?

Answer 8

-Send the whole fish
-Send water from intoxicated area
-Add map of intoxicated area
-Send samples from place above the possible source of intoxication

Question 9

Which methods are used for detection of toxic substances?

Answer 9

-Spectrophotometry (UV-light, IR light, visible light)
-Physical method
-Polarography
-Chromatography (TLC, GC, HPLC)

Question 10

Determination methods post adjustment?

Answer 10

• Extraction
• Purification
• Detection

Question 11

How might toxic substances be determined after it’s adjustment?

Answer 11

• H2O and organic solvent extraction
• Steam distillation
• Mineralization

Question 12

Which compounds can we determine without sample adjustment?

Answer 12

• Mercury
  -Arsenic

Question 13

What is typical for Mercury?

Answer 13

• kill the erythrocytes
• black gingiva

Question 14

Arsenic is determined in biological sample?

Answer 14

Without adjustment - Gutzeits test

Question 15

Arsenic is described as?

Answer 15

• long term poison
• destroy cell membrane
• therapy: Natrium sulphate, Dimecapron (a.s)

Question 16

Pb (lead) is qualitative determined with?

Answer 16

H2SO4 = White participate

Question 17

What is the normal value of Urea concentration in milk?

Answer 17

2-7 mmol/l

Extra
8-12= dubious
>12 = intoxication

Question 18

When do we use urea in food?

Answer 18

• for ruminants for synthesis of protein
• start with small amount and gradually increase it
• important to give forage with enough energy so pH of rumen is low, low pH decreases the action of Urease

Extra
- Urea > Urease > NH3 (toxic) + CO2
- NH3 is alkaline gas
- Therapy is to acidify rumen = Acetic acid or HCl

Question 19

Calculation of Urea concentration in blood and milk?

Answer 19

Urea (mmol/l) = A1/A2 x 16.65
- A1= absorbance of sample
- A2 = absorbance of standard

Question 20

Urea concentration in blood is determined by?

Answer 20

• water extraction and spectrophotometry

Question 21

What is the course of Urea poisoning? (clinical symptoms)

Answer 21

-Increase of pH in rumen content
-Tremor, Fibrillation (Face and ears)
-Exopthalmus
-Increased respiratory rate
-Expressive jugular puls
-Pulmonary edema
-Groaning (abdominal pain)
-Staggering
-Foamy salivation
-Grinding teeth
-Bloating
-Cyanosis
-Hyperthermia
-Tonic colonic convolution
-Death within 2 hours

Question 22

How do we quantitative determine MtHb in blood?

Answer 22

By spectrophotometry

Question 23

What compounds cause methemoglobinaemia (MtHb)?

Answer 23

-Chlorates
-Carbamates
-Oxidases of nitrogen
-Aromatic nitro and amino compounds

Question 24

What is the therapy in methemoglobinanemia

Answer 24

Methylene blue 1-2mg/kg intravenously in a 1-2% solution, it reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+

Question 25

The mechanism of creating methemoglobin is?

Answer 25

-Iron is oxidized from Fe2+ to Fe3+
-NO3- > NO2- and Fe2+ > Fe3+

Question 26

Therapy of cyanide poisoning?

Answer 26

Sodium nitrite
- is applied and MtHb is formed
- Cyanide binds to i and form MtHbCN

Sodium thiosulfate
- is applied and SCN- (non toxic) is formed
- eliminated by urine

Question 27

NaCl is extracted by?
NaCl is determined from?

Answer 27

H2O Extraction

Question 28

What method do we use for determination of NaCl and NO3-

Answer 28

NO2- / H2O polarography

Question 29

Brucine is used as a detection for qualitative determination of?

Answer 29

NO3- (Nitrate)

Question 30

Which colour indicator is specific for qualitative determination of NO2-?

Answer 30

Griess-Illosway indicator

Question 31

What are the chemicals which need water extraction as part of their determination?

Answer 31

Nitrite and Nitrate

Question 32

Nitrates is reduced by rumen and intestine to ?

Answer 32

Nitrites (cause methemoglobinaemia)

Question 33

Anticoagulant rodenticides inhibit?

Answer 33

Production of prothrombine

Question 34

Polarography is?

Answer 34

An electrochemical method

Question 35

What is Zinc phosphide?

Answer 35

Rodenticides

Question 36

Zinc phosphide and Arsenic is determined ?

Answer 36

Without sample adjustments

Question 37

What happens when Zn3P2 enters the body?

Answer 37

• When in contact with acidic stomach (HCl) it will transform into 2PH3
• The smell of stomach content is garlic

Zn3P2 + 2HCl > 2PH3

Question 38

What is the therapy of Zn3P2 poisoning?

Answer 38

• Tube to release phosphine gas from stomach
• Remove stomach and intestine content (tube or laxative)
• Spasms treated by antispasms

Question 39

Reinisch test is for ..?

Answer 39

Mercury (Hg)

Question 40

Formaldehyde is determined by?

Answer 40

• Fellings test = Red ppt
• Schiffs reagent = Red or Red/Violet colour
• Steam destillation

Question 41

The positive result in Zn3P2 determination is if?

Answer 41

The filter paper soaked in AgNO3 turns black

Question 42

Colour of blood with MtHb?

Answer 42

Dark brown/Chocolate colour

Question 43

Colour of blood with MtHbCN?

Answer 43

Bright red

Question 44

Colour of blood with HbCO?

Answer 44

Bright red

Question 45

Colour of blood with HbSH?

Answer 45

Grey or Black