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Rad Spring Final > Cranium/facial > Flashcards

Cranium/facial Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following bones is not part of the floor of the cranium

A

Occipital

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2
Q

Which aspect of the frontal bone is thin-walled and forms the forehead

A

Squamous

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3
Q

Which four cranial bones articulate with the frontal bone

A

R parietal, L parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid

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4
Q

Which structures are found at the widest aspect of the skull

A

Parietal tubercles/ eminences

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5
Q

What is the name of a prominent landmark (or bump) found on the external surface of the occipital bone

A

“Inion” external occipital protuberance

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6
Q

What is the thickest and densest structure in the cranium

A

(Pyramids) petrous portion

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7
Q

T/F The hypophysis cerebri is another term for the pituitary gland

A

True

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8
Q

T/F The sphenoid bone articulates with all the other cranial bones

A

True

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9
Q

The shallow depression just posterior to the base of the dorsum sellae and anterior to the foremen magnum is the

A

Clivus

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10
Q

What is the name of the paired collections of the bone found inferior to the cribriform plate that contain numerous air cells and help form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

Lateral labyrinth (masses)

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11
Q

Which small section of bone is located superior to the cribriform plate

A

Crista galli

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12
Q

What is the formal term for the left sphenoid fontanel in the adult

A

Left pterion

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13
Q

What is the name of the cranial suture formed by the inferior junction of the parietals to the temporal bones

A

Squamousal suture

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14
Q

What are the two terms for the small, irregular bones found in the adult skull sutures

A

Sutral /wormian bones

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15
Q

Which of the bones does not articulate with the frontal bone

A

Temporal

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16
Q

Which of the following landmarks corresponds to the highest level of the petrous ridge

A

TEA

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17
Q

The slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the

A

Supraorbital groove

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18
Q

What is the name of the joint found between the lateral condylar processes of the skull and the atlas of C1

A

Atlanto-occipital joint

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19
Q

How much difference in degrees is there between the OML and the IOML

A

7-8°

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20
Q

Which of the following positioning errors frequently results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position

A

Rotation

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21
Q

Which of the following middle ear structures is considered the most lateral

A

Malleus

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22
Q

Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone

A

Lambdoidal

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23
Q

Which cranial bone contains the cribriform plate

A

Ethmoid

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24
Q

Which cranial bone contains the foremen ovale

A

Sphenoid

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25
Q

Which auditory ossicle attaches to the oval window

A

Stapes

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26
Q

A benign, cystic mass of the middle ear is a

A

Cholesteatoma

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27
Q

Which of the following imaging modalities provides an excellent distinction between normal and abnormal brain tissue

A

MRI

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28
Q

Which of the following imaging modalities may be used to examine a possible cranial bleed caused by trauma

A

CT

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29
Q

A radiograph of a PA axial projection (Caldwell) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15° caudal to the OML. How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed

A

Positioning was correct

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30
Q

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed —one is slightly superior to the other. Which positioning errors led to this

A

Tilt

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31
Q

Which of the following technical considerations is most critical for demonstrating air/fluid levels within the cranium

A

Horizontal X-ray beam

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32
Q

A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst within the squamous portion of the frontal bone. Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region with a minimal amount of distortion of the frontal bone

A

PA with no CR angle to OML

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33
Q

Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection with a 37° caudad angle

A

IOML

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34
Q

A pt enters the ED with a possible basilar skull fx. Which of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any blood present in the sphenoid sinus

A

Horizontal beam lateral projection

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35
Q

A pt comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. What should the tech do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone

A

Use the IOML and increase the CR angle by 7°

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36
Q

T/F lesions of decreased density are termed osteoblastic lesions

A

False

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37
Q

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium

A

2” superior to EAM

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38
Q

Which cranial bone possesses the superior nasal conchae

A

Ethmoid

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39
Q

A pt comes to radiology with a clinical history of an acoustic neuroma. Which of the following imaging modalities will provide the best assessment for this tumor

A

MRI

40
Q

A pt comes in with a clinical history of a possible pituitary adenoma. Because this is a rural hospital, CT and MRI are not available. Which projection of position would best demonstrate signs of bony erosion of the sella turcica because of the tumor

A

Lateral position

41
Q

A pt comes to radiology with severe mastoiditis. Which modalities will best demonstrate possible bony destruction within the mastoid region

A

CT

42
Q

Which of the following modalities best demonstrates early signs of Paget’s disease of the skull

A

Nuc med

43
Q

Which of the following clinical indications may require a decrease in manual exposure factors

A

Multiple myeloma

44
Q

The left mastoid fontanel becomes the __in an adult

A

Left asterion

45
Q

Which of the following is not an aspect of the maxilla

A

Ramus

46
Q

T/F All of the paranasal sinuses are contained within cranial bones except the maxillary sinuses

A

True

47
Q

The CR is centered to exit at the level of the ___for a well positioned parietoacanthial projection

A

Acanthion

48
Q

The CR is centered to exit at the level of the __ for a well positioned 15° PA axial projection of the facial bones

A

Nasion

49
Q

Which of the following factors prevents superimposition of the ramus on the cervical spine for the axiolateral oblique mandible projection

A

Extend the chin

50
Q

What type of CR angulation should be used for a PA axial projection of the mandible

A

20-25° cephalad

51
Q

Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the image receptor for the parieto-orbital oblique (rhese) projections for optic foramina

A

AML

52
Q

What is the largest immovable bone of the face

A

Maxilla

53
Q

Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate

A

Maxilla

54
Q

Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone

A

Frontal, sphenoid, temporal

55
Q

Which of the following structures are described as scroll-like projections found in the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

56
Q

Which 2 bones form the bony nasal septum

A

Ethmoid and vomer

57
Q

Which of the following terms describes the junction of the 2 nasal bones

A

Nasion

58
Q

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the

A

Alveolar processes

59
Q

The point of union between both halves of the mandible is termed

A

Symphysis menti

60
Q

What is the classification of the joint found between the teeth and maxilla

A

Fibrous

61
Q

The posterior aspect of the orbit is termed the

A

Apex

62
Q

How many facial bones help make up the bony orbit

A

4

63
Q

What is the only paranasal sinus not contained within a cranial bone

A

Maxillary

64
Q

Which sinus often produces an air/fluid level indicating a basilar skull fracture

A

Sphenoid

65
Q

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone

A

Lateral masses

66
Q

T/F Infections involving the upper teeth may involve the frontal sinuses

A

False

67
Q

The___sinuses develop last and are not fully developed until the teenage years

A

Ethmoid

68
Q

Which bone is involved with a tripod fracture

A

Zygomatic

69
Q

A fracture involving the facial bones where a blow to one side causes a fracture to the opposite side is termed a __fracture

A

Contrecoup

70
Q

Where does the CR exit for a modified parietoacanthial (modified waters) projection of the facial bones

A

Acanthion

71
Q

Which of the following imaging modalities should not be used to rule out a possible metal foreign body in the eye

A

MRI

72
Q

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the facial bones

A

Zygoma, midway between the EAM and the outer canthus

73
Q

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial waters projection

A

37°

74
Q

Which projection will best demonstrate the bony nasal septum

A

Parietoacanthial

75
Q

What can the tech do if the pt cannot extend the head and neck adequately for the routine smv projection of the zygomatic arches

A

Perform the Haas method

76
Q

How much difference is there between the OML and IOML positioning lines

A

7-8°

77
Q

Which projection best demonstrates the floor of the orbits

A

Modified waters

78
Q

What is the angle between the midsagittal plane and the IR for a parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramen

A

53°

79
Q

T/F The proper name for the parieto-orbital oblique projection is the Schuller method

A

False

80
Q

What is the maximum CR angulation used for the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible

A

25°

81
Q

How much skull rotation (from a lat position) is required to place the ramus parallel to the IR for the axiolateral oblique projection of the mandible

A

None the skull should be kept in a lateral position

82
Q

Where should the optic foramen be located with a well-positioned parieto-orbital oblique projection of the optic foramina

A

Outer lower quadrant of the orbit

83
Q

Along with the use of erect positions, what other factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses

A

Horizontal X-ray beam

84
Q

Which sinuses are best demonstrated with the PA projection

A

Frontal and ethmoid

85
Q

Which plane or perspective is most often produced for a CT scan of the sinuses

A

Coronal

86
Q

Which sinus is projected through the oral cavity with a parietoacanthial transoral projection

A

Sphenoid

87
Q

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the facial bones reveals that the mandibular rami are not superimposed. What specific positioning error is present on this radiograph

A

Rotation

88
Q

The recommended digital systems kV range for the superioinferior tangential projection of the nasal bones is

A

60-70

89
Q

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial waters projections reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding

A

Insufficient extension

90
Q

A radiograph of a PA Caldwell projection reveals that the petrous ridges are projected into the lower one third of the maxillary sinuses. Which of the following modifications should be made during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic image

A

Nothing, accept the initial radiograph

91
Q

A pt enters the ED with a possible nasal bone fracture. The physician is concerned about a possible bony nasal septum deviation and fractured nasal bones. Which of the following routines would best diagnose these injuries

A

Parietoacanthial, lateral nasal bone, and superoinferior axial projections

92
Q

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial transoral (open mouth waters) projection reveals that the mouth is open but the sphenoid sinus is superimposed over the maxilla and upper teeth. What positioning error led to this radiographic outcome

A

Insufficient extension of the head and neck

93
Q

A pt comes to radiology for a sinus series on a cart. She is unable to stand or sit erect for any of the projections. Which of the following projections will best detect any air/fluid levels present in the maxillary sinuses

A

Horizontal X-ray beam

94
Q

The pathway of communication between the frontal, maxillary and ethmoid sinuses that provides drainage between them is termed

A

Osteomeatal complex

95
Q

Which of the following structures passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

Cranial nerves III to VI

96
Q

A pediatric pt enters radiology for a paranasal sinus series. Because of her age, the child is unable to hold still for the projections even with the use of immobilization devices. The decision is to hold the child during each exposure. Which of the following individuals should be asked to hold the child

A

Guardian

Rad Spring Final (9 decks)

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