Cranium Flashcards
1
Q
The _____ is the skull without the mandible.
A
cranium
2
Q
The _____ is the brain vault.
A
calvarium
3
Q
List the eight (8) bones of the cranium
A
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Sphenoid
- Occipital
- Ethmoid
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
4
Q
Infants have two frontal squama divided by the _____ that fuse by age 6.
A
metopic suture
5
Q
The parietal bones adjoin the the frontal bone at the _____.
A
coronal suture
6
Q
List the five (5) subdivisions of the temporal bone
A
- Squamous
- Petromastoid
- Tympanic
- Styloid process
- Zygomatic process
7
Q
The _____ is a large, unpaired bone that forms the posterior limit of the cranium and forms the base of the _____.
A
occipital bone, posterior cranial fossa
8
Q
Portions of the ethmoid bone include the _____ of the anterior cranial fossa and the _____ and _____.
A
cribriform plate, anterior, middle nasal concha
9
Q
The _____ is a small bone that contributes to the medial wall of the orbit.
A
lacrimal bone
10
Q
The _____ is a paired bone that articulates at the intermaxillary suture. It’s body contains an expanded space known as the _____. It’s orbital part forms much of the floor of the orbit.
A
maxilla; maxillary sinus
11
Q
The _____ is a robust unpaired bone that carries the lower teeth. It consists of a body, ramus, coronoid process, and head of the condylar process.
A
mandible
12
Q
The _____ form the bridge of the nose and articulate at the _____.
A
nasal bones, internasal suture
13
Q
The _____ forms the posterior portion of the palate. It consists of a broad _____ and a vertical _____.
A
palatine bone; horizontal plate, perpendicular plate
14
Q
The _____ is a midline bone that passes obliquely from the anterior maxilla to the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.
A
vomer
15
Q
The _____ form the lateral wall of the orbit and articulate posteriorly with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
A
zygomatic bones
16
Q
The _____ is a midline protuberance located ventrally on the occipital bone.
A
external occipital protuberance
17
Q
The _____ lies between the parietal bones.
A
sagittal suture
18
Q
The _____ is the midline intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures.
A
bregma
19
Q
The _____ is a V-shaped suture between the parietal and occipital bones.
A
lambdoid suture
20
Q
The _____ is the midline intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
A
lambda
21
Q
The _____ is the extension of temporal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone.
A
zygomatic arch
22
Q
The _____ is the large opening at the base of the skull.
A
foramen magnum
23
Q
The _____ is a sharp protuberance at the base of the temporal bone.
A
styloid process
24
Q
The _____ is the H-shaped line of articulation between the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones.
A
pterion
25
The _____ is a notch or foramina of the frontal bone at the rim of the orbit.
supraorbital notch
26
The _____ is the first line of muscular attachment at the base of the occipital bone.
superior nuchal line
27
The _____ and _____ are lines of muscular attachments on the lateral parietal bone.
superior, inferior temporal lines
28
The _____ is a ventral and posterior extension of the temporal bone.
mastoid process
29
The _____ and _____ are incomplete at birth.
mastoid process, external acoustic meatus
30
The _____ is a collagenous tissue closely associated with the cranial periosteum that is continuous with the _____ and forms a sheath around the cranial nerves.
dura, spinal dura
31
The _____ is separated from the dura by a potential subdural space.
arachnoid
32
The _____ allow cerebral spinal fluid to diffure into the venous system.
arachnoid granulations
33
The _____ is a highly vascularized loose connective tissue that is closely adherent with the brain & spinal cord.
pia
34
The dura is sometimes called the _____.
pachymeninx
35
The pia and arachnoid together are referred to as the _____. Piarachitis, leptomeningitis, and meningitis typically refer to the same syndrome.
leptomeninges
36
Blows to the head can detach the dura from the _____, whereas a fracture to the base of the skull usually leads to a tear of the dura and resultant leakage of _____ into the nose, ear, or nasopharynx.
calvarium, CSF
37
The _____ is a potential space because the dura is associated with the periosteum of the cranium.
Epidural (extradural) space
38
_____ following a blow to the head is often due to tearing of a _____. Typically there is a brief loss of consciousness followed by several lucid hours while extradural bleeding continues.
Epidural hemorrhage, middle meningeal artery
39
Extradural hematoma causes a rise in _____, which may force part of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum, compressing the _____.
intracranial (supratentorial) pressure, medulla
40
The _____ space lies between the dura and arachnoid mater.
subdural (intradural)
41
Subdural hemorrhage is often due to tears of _____ as they enter the superior sagittal sinus.
superior cerebral veins
42
_____ follows the rupture or aneurysm of an intracranial artery, resulting in _____, stiff neck, and often loss of consciousness.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningeal irritation
43
_____ serve to divide the cranial cavity into three compartments: two cerebral and one cerebellar.
dural folds
44
The _____ is a sickle-shaped vertical partition between the cerebral hemispheres. It is attached anteriorly to the frontal crest and _____ and posteriorly to the _____.
falx cerebri; crista galli, internal occipital protuberance.
45
The falx cerebri contains the _____ and _____.
superior, inferior sagittal sinuses
46
The _____ is a side arch fold that separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum.
tentorium cerebelli
47
The _____ is a small sickle-shaped fold located in the midline below the tentorium cerebelli.
falx cerebelli
48
The _____ is a small circular sheet that forms the roof of the sella turcica and contains an opening for the pituitary stalk,
diaphragma sellae
49
The _____ are spaces formed by reflections of the meningeal layer of the dura. They are lined with _____ of the blood vascular system.
dural venous sinuses; endothelium
50
The _____ extends from the crista galli to the internal occipital protuberance within the falx cerebri. 60% end by becoming the _____.
superior sagittal sinus; left transverse sinus
51
The _____ is located along the posterior 3/4 of the inferior border of the falx cerebri and ends by joining the _____ to form the straight sinus.
inferior sagittal sinus; great cerebral vein (of Galen)
52
The _____ is located at the union of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein; it runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri with the _____.
straight sinus; tentorium cerebelli
53
The _____ has an S-shaped course in the posterior cranial fossa and produces deep grooves in the inner surface of the mastoid part of the temporal bone. All venous sinuses of the dura drain into this sinus with the exception of the _____, which drains directly into the jugular vein.
sigmoid sinus; inferior petrosal sinus
54
The _____ is the smallest of the sinuses and extends from the confluence of sinuses to teh internal vertebral plexus at the foramen magnum.
occipital sinus
55
The _____ is located on each side of the sella turcica and the body of the sphenoid bone. It receives blood from the _____ and _____, _____, and the _____.
cavernous sinus; superior, inferior ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein, sphenoparietal sinus
56
The cavernous sinus communicates bilaterally via the _____.
intercavernous sinus
57
The cavernous sinus drains bilaterally via the _____ and _____ petrosal sinus and ______.
inferior, superior petrosal sinus, pterygoid plexus
58
The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus contains the _____, _____, _____ and _____, _____, _____, _____.
oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmnic, maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve, internal carotid artery, sympathetic plexus, abducens nerve
59
The superior petrosal sinus drains the cavernous sinus into the _____.
transverse sinus
60
The inferior petrosal sinus drains the cavernous sinus directly into the _____.
internal jugular vein
61
The _____ are interconnecting venous channels on the clivus. They communicate with the 2 inferior petrosal sinuses and the _____.
basilar sinuses; internal vertebral venous plexus
62
An _____ is when arterial blood from a tear in the internal carotid artery sends blood rushing into the venous system.
anteriovenous fistula
63
_____ are valveless veins that connect the intracranial venous sinuses with veins outside the skull.
Emissary veins
64
The frontal emissary vein, via the _____, connects the superior sagittal sinus with veins of the frontal sinus and nasal cavities.
foramen cecum
65
The _____ communicate via the parietal foramina to the superior sagittal sinus.
parietal emissary veins
66
The mastoid emissary veins communicate via the _____ with the sigmoid sinus.
mastoid foramen
67
The _____ communicate via the condylar canal with the sigmoid sinus and the suboccipital plexus.
posterior condylar emissary veins
68
The _____ contains the inferior part and anterior extremes of the frontal lobes and forms the roof of the orbits.
anterior cranial fossa
69
The _____ contains the temporal poles and 1/2 of the inferior surface of the temporal lobes. The _____ and the posterior fossa form the posterior border.
middle cranial fossa; dorsum sellae
70
The _____ is the largest and deepest fossa, and contains the _____, _____, and _____.
posterior cranial fossa, cerebellum, pons, medulla
71
The _____ of the anterior fossa contains the _____.
foramen cecum, nasal emissary vein
72
The foramina of the cribriform plate in the anterior fossa contain the _____.
axons of CN I
73
The _____ in the anterior fossa contain the vessels and nerves of the anterior and posterior ethmoid.
anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina
74
The optic canals in the middle cranial fossa contain the _____ and _____.
ophthalmic artery, CN II
75
The superior orbital fissure in the middle cranial fossa contains _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.
CN V1, CN III, CN IV, CN VI, ophthalmic veins, sympathetic fibers
76
The _____ in the middle cranial fossa contains CN V2.
foramen rotundum
77
The foramen ovale in the middle cranial fossa contains the _____ and _____.
accessory middle meningeal artery, CN V3
78
The foramen spinosum in the middle cranial fossa contains the _____ and the _____.
middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of CN V3
79
The _____ in the middle cranial fossa has no contents running through it.
foramen lacerum
80
The hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve in the middle cranial fossa contains the _____ and the _____.
greater petrosal nerve, petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery
81
The _____ in the posterior cranial fossa contains the medulla and meninges, _____, CN XI, _____, and dural veins.
foramen magnum, vertebral arteries, spinal arteries
82
The _____ in the posterior cranial fossa contain CN IX, X, XI, the _____, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and the _____.
jugular foramen, superior bulb of the internal jugular vein, meningeal branches of the occipital and pharyngeal arteries
83
The _____ in the posterior cranial fossa contains CN XII.
hypoglossal canal
84
The condylar canal in the posterior cranial fossa contains the _____.
emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus
85
The mastoid foramen in the posterior cranial fossa contains the _____ and the _____.
mastoid emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus, meningeal branch of the occipital artery
86
The _____ supplies the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes.
anterior cerebral artery
87
The _____ supplies the lateral aspects of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.
middle cerebral artery
88
The _____ supplies the medial and inferior parts of the temporal and occipital lobes.
posterior cerebral artery
89
The cerebellum receives arterial supply from the _____, _____, _____, and _____.
superior cerebellar, anterior inferior cerebellar, posterior inferior cerebellar, posterior cerebellar arteries
90
A _____ refers to the sudden loss of circulation into a region of the brain, either due to hemorrhage or occlusion.
stroke or a cerebrovascular incident
91
_____ follows the rupture of an artery or aneurysm.
hemorrhagic stroke
92
_____ results from an embolis getting trapped in a small artery.
Thrombotic stroke
93
_____ often result from soft emboli that either disintegrate or slowly pass through small arteries.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
94
The vertebral arteries give off the _____ and _____ before joining to form the _____.
posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, anterior spinal arteries, basilar artery
95
The basilar artery gives off the _____, _____, and _____ before splitting to form the two posterior cerebral arteries.
anterior inferior cerebellar artery, pontine arteries, superior cerebellar arteries
96
_____ form the posterior aspect of the Circle of Willis at the base of the skull. Posterior communicating arteries link these arteries to the middle cerebral arteries.
posterior cerebral arteries
97
The _____ is the largest cerebral artery; The _____ branches from it medially and the _____ branches off laterally.
middle cerebral artery; ophthalmic artery, anterior choroidal artery
98
The _____ branch anteriorly from the middle cerebral arteries and are linked by the _____.
anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery
