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Gross Anatomy > Cranium > Flashcards

Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is the skull without the mandible.

A

cranium

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2
Q

The _____ is the brain vault.

A

calvarium

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3
Q

List the eight (8) bones of the cranium

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Sphenoid
  5. Occipital
  6. Ethmoid
  7. Zygomatic
  8. Palatine
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4
Q

Infants have two frontal squama divided by the _____ that fuse by age 6.

A

metopic suture

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5
Q

The parietal bones adjoin the the frontal bone at the _____.

A

coronal suture

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6
Q

List the five (5) subdivisions of the temporal bone

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Petromastoid
  3. Tympanic
  4. Styloid process
  5. Zygomatic process
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7
Q

The _____ is a large, unpaired bone that forms the posterior limit of the cranium and forms the base of the _____.

A

occipital bone, posterior cranial fossa

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8
Q

Portions of the ethmoid bone include the _____ of the anterior cranial fossa and the _____ and _____.

A

cribriform plate, anterior, middle nasal concha

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9
Q

The _____ is a small bone that contributes to the medial wall of the orbit.

A

lacrimal bone

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10
Q

The _____ is a paired bone that articulates at the intermaxillary suture. It’s body contains an expanded space known as the _____. It’s orbital part forms much of the floor of the orbit.

A

maxilla; maxillary sinus

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11
Q

The _____ is a robust unpaired bone that carries the lower teeth. It consists of a body, ramus, coronoid process, and head of the condylar process.

A

mandible

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12
Q

The _____ form the bridge of the nose and articulate at the _____.

A

nasal bones, internasal suture

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13
Q

The _____ forms the posterior portion of the palate. It consists of a broad _____ and a vertical _____.

A

palatine bone; horizontal plate, perpendicular plate

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14
Q

The _____ is a midline bone that passes obliquely from the anterior maxilla to the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.

A

vomer

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15
Q

The _____ form the lateral wall of the orbit and articulate posteriorly with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

A

zygomatic bones

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16
Q

The _____ is a midline protuberance located ventrally on the occipital bone.

A

external occipital protuberance

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17
Q

The _____ lies between the parietal bones.

A

sagittal suture

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18
Q

The _____ is the midline intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures.

A

bregma

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19
Q

The _____ is a V-shaped suture between the parietal and occipital bones.

A

lambdoid suture

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20
Q

The _____ is the midline intersection of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.

A

lambda

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21
Q

The _____ is the extension of temporal bone that articulates with the zygomatic bone.

A

zygomatic arch

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22
Q

The _____ is the large opening at the base of the skull.

A

foramen magnum

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23
Q

The _____ is a sharp protuberance at the base of the temporal bone.

A

styloid process

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24
Q

The _____ is the H-shaped line of articulation between the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones.

A

pterion

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25
Q

The _____ is a notch or foramina of the frontal bone at the rim of the orbit.

A

supraorbital notch

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26
Q

The _____ is the first line of muscular attachment at the base of the occipital bone.

A

superior nuchal line

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27
Q

The _____ and _____ are lines of muscular attachments on the lateral parietal bone.

A

superior, inferior temporal lines

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28
Q

The _____ is a ventral and posterior extension of the temporal bone.

A

mastoid process

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29
Q

The _____ and _____ are incomplete at birth.

A

mastoid process, external acoustic meatus

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30
Q

The _____ is a collagenous tissue closely associated with the cranial periosteum that is continuous with the _____ and forms a sheath around the cranial nerves.

A

dura, spinal dura

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31
Q

The _____ is separated from the dura by a potential subdural space.

A

arachnoid

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32
Q

The _____ allow cerebral spinal fluid to diffure into the venous system.

A

arachnoid granulations

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33
Q

The _____ is a highly vascularized loose connective tissue that is closely adherent with the brain & spinal cord.

A

pia

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34
Q

The dura is sometimes called the _____.

A

pachymeninx

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35
Q

The pia and arachnoid together are referred to as the _____. Piarachitis, leptomeningitis, and meningitis typically refer to the same syndrome.

A

leptomeninges

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36
Q

Blows to the head can detach the dura from the _____, whereas a fracture to the base of the skull usually leads to a tear of the dura and resultant leakage of _____ into the nose, ear, or nasopharynx.

A

calvarium, CSF

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37
Q

The _____ is a potential space because the dura is associated with the periosteum of the cranium.

A

Epidural (extradural) space

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38
Q

_____ following a blow to the head is often due to tearing of a _____. Typically there is a brief loss of consciousness followed by several lucid hours while extradural bleeding continues.

A

Epidural hemorrhage, middle meningeal artery

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39
Q

Extradural hematoma causes a rise in _____, which may force part of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum, compressing the _____.

A

intracranial (supratentorial) pressure, medulla

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40
Q

The _____ space lies between the dura and arachnoid mater.

A

subdural (intradural)

41
Q

Subdural hemorrhage is often due to tears of _____ as they enter the superior sagittal sinus.

A

superior cerebral veins

42
Q

_____ follows the rupture or aneurysm of an intracranial artery, resulting in _____, stiff neck, and often loss of consciousness.

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage, meningeal irritation

43
Q

_____ serve to divide the cranial cavity into three compartments: two cerebral and one cerebellar.

A

dural folds

44
Q

The _____ is a sickle-shaped vertical partition between the cerebral hemispheres. It is attached anteriorly to the frontal crest and _____ and posteriorly to the _____.

A

falx cerebri; crista galli, internal occipital protuberance.

45
Q

The falx cerebri contains the _____ and _____.

A

superior, inferior sagittal sinuses

46
Q

The _____ is a side arch fold that separates the occipital lobes from the cerebellum.

A

tentorium cerebelli

47
Q

The _____ is a small sickle-shaped fold located in the midline below the tentorium cerebelli.

A

falx cerebelli

48
Q

The _____ is a small circular sheet that forms the roof of the sella turcica and contains an opening for the pituitary stalk,

A

diaphragma sellae

49
Q

The _____ are spaces formed by reflections of the meningeal layer of the dura. They are lined with _____ of the blood vascular system.

A

dural venous sinuses; endothelium

50
Q

The _____ extends from the crista galli to the internal occipital protuberance within the falx cerebri. 60% end by becoming the _____.

A

superior sagittal sinus; left transverse sinus

51
Q

The _____ is located along the posterior 3/4 of the inferior border of the falx cerebri and ends by joining the _____ to form the straight sinus.

A

inferior sagittal sinus; great cerebral vein (of Galen)

52
Q

The _____ is located at the union of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein; it runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri with the _____.

A

straight sinus; tentorium cerebelli

53
Q

The _____ has an S-shaped course in the posterior cranial fossa and produces deep grooves in the inner surface of the mastoid part of the temporal bone. All venous sinuses of the dura drain into this sinus with the exception of the _____, which drains directly into the jugular vein.

A

sigmoid sinus; inferior petrosal sinus

54
Q

The _____ is the smallest of the sinuses and extends from the confluence of sinuses to teh internal vertebral plexus at the foramen magnum.

A

occipital sinus

55
Q

The _____ is located on each side of the sella turcica and the body of the sphenoid bone. It receives blood from the _____ and _____, _____, and the _____.

A

cavernous sinus; superior, inferior ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein, sphenoparietal sinus

56
Q

The cavernous sinus communicates bilaterally via the _____.

A

intercavernous sinus

57
Q

The cavernous sinus drains bilaterally via the _____ and _____ petrosal sinus and ______.

A

inferior, superior petrosal sinus, pterygoid plexus

58
Q

The lateral wall of the cavernous sinus contains the _____, _____, _____ and _____, _____, _____, _____.

A

oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmnic, maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve, internal carotid artery, sympathetic plexus, abducens nerve

59
Q

The superior petrosal sinus drains the cavernous sinus into the _____.

A

transverse sinus

60
Q

The inferior petrosal sinus drains the cavernous sinus directly into the _____.

A

internal jugular vein

61
Q

The _____ are interconnecting venous channels on the clivus. They communicate with the 2 inferior petrosal sinuses and the _____.

A

basilar sinuses; internal vertebral venous plexus

62
Q

An _____ is when arterial blood from a tear in the internal carotid artery sends blood rushing into the venous system.

A

anteriovenous fistula

63
Q

_____ are valveless veins that connect the intracranial venous sinuses with veins outside the skull.

A

Emissary veins

64
Q

The frontal emissary vein, via the _____, connects the superior sagittal sinus with veins of the frontal sinus and nasal cavities.

A

foramen cecum

65
Q

The _____ communicate via the parietal foramina to the superior sagittal sinus.

A

parietal emissary veins

66
Q

The mastoid emissary veins communicate via the _____ with the sigmoid sinus.

A

mastoid foramen

67
Q

The _____ communicate via the condylar canal with the sigmoid sinus and the suboccipital plexus.

A

posterior condylar emissary veins

68
Q

The _____ contains the inferior part and anterior extremes of the frontal lobes and forms the roof of the orbits.

A

anterior cranial fossa

69
Q

The _____ contains the temporal poles and 1/2 of the inferior surface of the temporal lobes. The _____ and the posterior fossa form the posterior border.

A

middle cranial fossa; dorsum sellae

70
Q

The _____ is the largest and deepest fossa, and contains the _____, _____, and _____.

A

posterior cranial fossa, cerebellum, pons, medulla

71
Q

The _____ of the anterior fossa contains the _____.

A

foramen cecum, nasal emissary vein

72
Q

The foramina of the cribriform plate in the anterior fossa contain the _____.

A

axons of CN I

73
Q

The _____ in the anterior fossa contain the vessels and nerves of the anterior and posterior ethmoid.

A

anterior and posterior ethmoid foramina

74
Q

The optic canals in the middle cranial fossa contain the _____ and _____.

A

ophthalmic artery, CN II

75
Q

The superior orbital fissure in the middle cranial fossa contains _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ and _____.

A

CN V1, CN III, CN IV, CN VI, ophthalmic veins, sympathetic fibers

76
Q

The _____ in the middle cranial fossa contains CN V2.

A

foramen rotundum

77
Q

The foramen ovale in the middle cranial fossa contains the _____ and _____.

A

accessory middle meningeal artery, CN V3

78
Q

The foramen spinosum in the middle cranial fossa contains the _____ and the _____.

A

middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of CN V3

79
Q

The _____ in the middle cranial fossa has no contents running through it.

A

foramen lacerum

80
Q

The hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve in the middle cranial fossa contains the _____ and the _____.

A

greater petrosal nerve, petrosal branch of the middle meningeal artery

81
Q

The _____ in the posterior cranial fossa contains the medulla and meninges, _____, CN XI, _____, and dural veins.

A

foramen magnum, vertebral arteries, spinal arteries

82
Q

The _____ in the posterior cranial fossa contain CN IX, X, XI, the _____, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, and the _____.

A

jugular foramen, superior bulb of the internal jugular vein, meningeal branches of the occipital and pharyngeal arteries

83
Q

The _____ in the posterior cranial fossa contains CN XII.

A

hypoglossal canal

84
Q

The condylar canal in the posterior cranial fossa contains the _____.

A

emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus

85
Q

The mastoid foramen in the posterior cranial fossa contains the _____ and the _____.

A

mastoid emissary vein to the sigmoid sinus, meningeal branch of the occipital artery

86
Q

The _____ supplies the medial aspects of the frontal and parietal lobes.

A

anterior cerebral artery

87
Q

The _____ supplies the lateral aspects of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.

A

middle cerebral artery

88
Q

The _____ supplies the medial and inferior parts of the temporal and occipital lobes.

A

posterior cerebral artery

89
Q

The cerebellum receives arterial supply from the _____, _____, _____, and _____.

A

superior cerebellar, anterior inferior cerebellar, posterior inferior cerebellar, posterior cerebellar arteries

90
Q

A _____ refers to the sudden loss of circulation into a region of the brain, either due to hemorrhage or occlusion.

A

stroke or a cerebrovascular incident

91
Q

_____ follows the rupture of an artery or aneurysm.

A

hemorrhagic stroke

92
Q

_____ results from an embolis getting trapped in a small artery.

A

Thrombotic stroke

93
Q

_____ often result from soft emboli that either disintegrate or slowly pass through small arteries.

A

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

94
Q

The vertebral arteries give off the _____ and _____ before joining to form the _____.

A

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, anterior spinal arteries, basilar artery

95
Q

The basilar artery gives off the _____, _____, and _____ before splitting to form the two posterior cerebral arteries.

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery, pontine arteries, superior cerebellar arteries

96
Q

_____ form the posterior aspect of the Circle of Willis at the base of the skull. Posterior communicating arteries link these arteries to the middle cerebral arteries.

A

posterior cerebral arteries

97
Q

The _____ is the largest cerebral artery; The _____ branches from it medially and the _____ branches off laterally.

A

middle cerebral artery; ophthalmic artery, anterior choroidal artery

98
Q

The _____ branch anteriorly from the middle cerebral arteries and are linked by the _____.

A

anterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery

Gross Anatomy (4 decks)

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