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Section 3A (Skull, Face, Eye, Cranial Nerves) > Cranial Nuclei > Flashcards

Cranial Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 fibre types and what type of neural impulse do they convey?

A

Special sensory - sight, smell, hearing, balance
Visceral sensory - taste
Somatic sensory - touch

Brachial motor - skeletal mm
Visceral motor - smooth muscles & glands
Somatic motor - skeletal mm

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2
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves have special sensory fibres only?

A

CN I olfactory (smell)
CN II optic (sight)

CN VII vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
- via Cochlear Nucleus in rostral pons and Vestibular Nucleus in caudal pons

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3
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves have somatic motor fibres only?

A

CN IV trochlear (eye)
- via Trochlear Nucleus in caudal midbrain

CN VI abducens (eye)
- via Abducens Nucleus in caudal pons

CN XII hypoglossal (tongue) - via Hypoglossal Nucleus in rostral medulla

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve has brachial motor only?

A

CN XI accessory (SCM and traps)

- via Nucleus Ambiguus in rostral medulla

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5
Q

Which 5 cranial nerves have more than 1 fibre type?

A

2 types:
CN III oculomotor
CN V trigeminal

4 types:
(somatic and visceral sensory, brachial and visceral motor)
CN VII facial 
CN IX glossopharyngeal 
CN X vagus
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6
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves have 2 fibre types?

A

CN III oculomotor (visceral and brachial motor)

CN V trigeminal (somatic sensory and brachial motor)

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7
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves have 4 fibre types?

A

CN VII facial
CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus

These 3 nerves all share the same 4 fibre types:
somatic and visceral sensory
brachial and visceral motor

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8
Q

Give an overview of the cranial nerves and how many fibre types they each have:

A

3 nerves with 4 fibre types:
CN VII facial
CN IX glossopharyngeal
CN X vagus
(all have the same 4 fibre types: - somatic sensory via Somatic Sensory / Trigeminal Nucleus in all brainstem
- visceral sensory via Solitary Nucleus in medulla and caudal pons
- brachial motor via Trigeminal Motor Nucleus in rostral pons, Facial Motor Nucleus in caudal pons, and Nucleus Ambiguus in rostral medulla
- visceral motor via Superior Salvitory in caudal pons, Inferioro Salvitory in rostral medulla, and Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus in medulla

3 nerves with special sensory only:
CN I olfactory (no nucleus)
CN II optic (no nucleus)
CN VIII vestibulocochlear
- via Cochlear Nucleus in rostral pons
- via Vestibular Nucleus in caudal pons

3 nerves with somatic motor only:
CN IV trochlear
- via Trochlear Nucleus in caudal midbrain
CN VI abducens
- via Abducens Nucleus in caudal pons
CN XII hypoglossal
- via Hypoglossal Nucleus in rostral medulla

1 nerve with brachial motor only:
CN XII accessory
- via Nucleus Ambiguus in rostral medulla

2 nerves with 2 fibre types:
CN III oculomotor
- visceral motor via Edinga-Westphall in rostral midbrain
- somatic motor via Oculomotor Nucleus in rostral midbrain

CN V trigeminal

  • somatic sensory via Somatic Sensory Nucleus in all midbrain
  • brachial motor via Trigeminal Motor Nucleus in rostral pons
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9
Q

How many cranial nuclei are there?

A

17 cranial nuclei
For CN III - XII

11 motor (synapse between upper and motor neurons)

  • 4 somatic motor (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens and hypoglossal)
  • 3 brachial motor (trigeminal motor, facial motor, nucleus ambiguus)
  • 4 visceral motor (Edinga-Westphall, superior salvitory, inferior salvitory, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus)

6 sensory

  • 2 special sensory (cochlear and vestibular)
  • 1 somatic sensory (Trigeminal / Somatic Sensory with 3 subdivisions)
  • 1 visceral sensory (Solitary Nucleus)
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10
Q

Where are the cranial nuclei located?

A

In the brainstem as follows:

Rostral midbrain: 2
Caudal midbrain: 1
Rostral pons: 2
Caudal pons: 4
Rostral medulla: 2

Trigeminal system / somatic sensory nucleus covers all areas from rostral midbrain to caudal medulla

Solitary nucleus covers caudal pons, rostral & caudal medulla

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus covers rostral & caudal medulla

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11
Q

Which cranial nuclei span more than one area in the brainstem

A

There are 3 nuclei spanning more than 1 area:

Trigeminal System (Somatic Sensory Nucleus) spans entire brainstem

Solitary Nucleus covers caudal pons, rostral andcaudal medulla

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus covers rostral and caudal medulla

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12
Q

How many special sensory nuclei are there?

A

2 -
both for CNVIII

Cochlear Nucleus (rostral pons)
Vestibular Nucleus (caudal pons)
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13
Q

How many somatic sensory nuclei are there?

A 
1 - somatic sensory / trigeminal
with 3 subnuclei:
- mesencephalic
- chief sensory
- spinal trigeminal
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14
Q

How many visceral sensory nuclei are there?

A

1 -
solitary nucleus
in medulla and caudal pons
for CNVII, CIX, CX

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15
Q

How many visceral motor nuclei are there?

A

4 -
Edinga-Westphall
rostral midbrain
(CNIII Oculomotor - ANS of pupils and ciliary/lens)

Superior Salvitory
caudal pons
(CNVII Facial - ANS of lacrimal duct and salvitory)

Inferior Salvitory
rostral medulla
(CNVII Facial - ANS salvitory & CNIX Glossopharyngeal ANS of pharynx & larynx)

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus
medulla
(CX Vagus - URT & GIT)

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16
Q

How many brachial motor nuclei are there?

A

3
Trigeminal Motor
(CNV - mm mastication)
rostral pons

Facial Motor
(CNVII - mm facial expression)
caudal pons

Nucleus Ambiguus
(CNIX - swallowing, CNX mm pharynx & larynx, CNXI traps & SCM)

17
Q

How many somatic motor nuclei are there?

A

4
Oculomotor
(rostral midbrain)

Trochlear
(caudal midbrain)

Abducens
(caudal pons)

Hypoglossal
(rostral medulla)

18
Q

How many nuclei are there for each fibre type?

A 
6 sensory:
2 special (vestibular and cochlear)
1 somatic (Somatic Sensory /Trigeminal) (3 sub-nuclei - mesencephalic, chief sensory, spinal trigeminal)
1 visceral (solitary)
11 motor:
4 visceral (Edinga-Westphall, superior salvitory, inferior salvitory, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus)
3 brachial (trigeminal motor, facial motor, nucleus ambiguus)
4 somatic (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, hypoglossal)
19
Q

How many nuclei does each cranial nerve have?

A

4 have 1:
IV trochlear
(Trochlear Nucleus in caudal midbrain)

VI abducens
(Abducens Nucleus in caudal pons)

XI accessory
(Nucleus Ambiguus in rostral medulla)

XII hypoglossal
(Hypoglossal Nucleus in rostral medulla)

3 have 2:
III oculomotor
(Oculomotor Nucleus in rostral midbrain - somatic motor; Edinga-Westphall in rostral midbrain - visceral motor)

V trigeminal
(Trigeminal Motor in rostral pons - brachial motor; Somatic Sensory / Trigeminal Nucleus in all brainstem)

VIII vestibulocochlear
(Cochlear Nucleus in rostral midbrain and Vestibular Nucleus in caudal midbrain - both special sensory)

3 have 4:
VII facial
(Somatic Sensory / Trigeminal - somatic sensory; Solitary Nucleus -visceral sensory; Facial Motor Nucleus - brachial sensory; Superior & Inferior Salvitory - visceral motor)

IX glossopharyngeal
(Somatic Sensory / Trigeminal - somatic sensory; Solitary Nucleus - visceral sensory; Nucleus Ambiguus - brachial motor; Inferior Salvitory - visceral motor)

X vagus
(Somatic Sensory / Trigeminal - somatic sensory; Solitary Nucleus - visceral sensory; Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus -visceral motor; Nucleus Ambiguus -brachial motor)

Section 3A (Skull, Face, Eye, Cranial Nerves) (9 decks)

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