Cranial nerves Flashcards
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
I - olfactory II - optic III - oculomotor IV - trochlear V - trigeminal VI - abducens VII - facial VIII - vestibulocochlear IX - glossopharyngeal X - vaus XI - accessory XII - hypoglossal
Which cranial nerves are sensory, which are motor, and which are mixed?
Sensory:
I - olfactory
II - optic
VIII - vestibulocochlear
Motor: III - oculomotor IV - trochlear VI - abducens XI - accessory XII - hypoglossal
Both: V - trigeminal VII - facial IX - glossopharyngeal X - vagus
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What are the functions of the cranial nerves?
I olfactory - smell II optic - vision III oculomotor - movements of the eye IV trochlear - movements of the eye V trigeminal - facial sensation, motor mm mastication VI abducens - movements of the eye
VII facial - taste anterior tongue, sensation skin of auricle, ANS salivary and lacrimal glands, mm facial expression
VIII vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance
IX glossopharyngeal - taste posterior tongue, cutaneous posterior tongue and outer ear, ANS of pharynx, larynx, viscera of thorax and abdomen, swallowing
X vagus - taste from palate and epiglottis, motor URT, GI, pharynx and larynx; sensation heart, lungs pharynx, larynx and upper GI
XI accessory - motor upper traps and SCMs
XII hypoglossal - motor tongue
Describe the branches of CN V
CN V (trigeminal) has 3 branches:
V1 (opthalmic) - through superior orbital fissure
V2 (maxillar) - through foramen rotundum
V3 (mandibular) - through foramen ovale
Which cranial nerves control taste?
CN VII facial (anterior tongue)
CN IX glossopharyngeal (posterior tongue)
- via Solitary Nucleus in medulla and caudal pons (visceral sensory)
Which cranial nerves control eye movements?
CN III oculomotor
- via Oculomotor Nucleus (somatic motor) and Edinga-Westphall nucleus (visceral motor) in rostral midbrain
CN IV trochlear
- via Trochlear Nucleus (somatic motor) in caudal midbrain)
CN VI abducens
- via Abducens Nucleus (somatic motor) in caudal pons
Which cranial nerves act upon the tongue?
CN VII facial (taste anterior tongue)
- via Solitary Nucleus (visceral sensory) in medulla and caudal pons
CN IX glossopharyngeal (taste and sensation posterior tongue)
- taste via Solitary Nucleus (visceral sensory) in medulla and caudal pons
- sensation posterior tongue via Somatic Sensory / Trigeminal Nucleus (somatic sensory) in all midbrain
CN XII hypoglossal (motor)
- via Hypoglossal Nucleus (somatic motor) in rostral medulla
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing?
CN VIII vestibulocochlear (specifically cochlear division)
- via Cochlear Nucleus (special sensory) in rostral pons