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PNS Exam Two > Cranial Nerves VIII and IX > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves VIII and IX Flashcards

0
Q

Is cranial nerve VIII motor or sensory?

A

Special sensory

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1
Q

Cranial nerve VIII is actually composed of what two nerves?

A

Vestibular and cochlear nerves

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2
Q

What is the nucleus of termination for the vestibular nerve?

A

Vestibular nuclear complex (superior, medial, lateral, and inferior)

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3
Q

What is the eponym for the superior vestibular nucleus?

A

Bechterew

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4
Q

What is the eponym for the medial vestibular nucleus?

A

Schwalbe

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5
Q

What is the eponym for the lateral vestibular nucleus?

A

Deiter

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6
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the vestibular nerve located?

A

Vestibular ganglion (superior and inferior parts)

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7
Q

Where is the vestibular ganglion located?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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8
Q

What is the nucleus of termination for the cochlear nerve?

A

Cochlear nuclei (anterior and posterior parts)

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9
Q

Where are the cell bodies located for the cochlear nerve?

A

Spiral ganglion

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10
Q

What is the location of the spiral ganglion?

A

Within the cochlea

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11
Q

Peripheral processes (short dendrites) extend from the spiral ganglion to where first?

A

Spiral organ (organ of Corti)

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12
Q

Axons of the cochlear nerve terminate where?

A

On the two cochlear nuclei

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13
Q

From the cochlear nuclei, where do the axons synapse after they cross the brainstem and what is formed?

A

Trapezoid nuclei and lateral lemniscus is formed

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14
Q

From the lateral lemniscus, where will fibers travel to in the cochlear pathway?

A

Either the inferior colliculus or the medial geniculate body of the thalamus

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15
Q

What is the apparent origin of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Cerebellopontine recess/angle

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16
Q

Most vestibular nerve fibers of cranial nerve VIII terminate where?

A

In the medial vestibular nucleus (Schwalbe)

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17
Q

Some of the vestibular nerve fibers of cranial nerve VIII travel directly to the cerebellum by way of which peduncle?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

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18
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve travels through what area to the internal acoustic meatus where it enters along with the facial nerve?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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19
Q

Which nerve of cranial nerve VIII contains more fibers?

A

Cochlear (30-40,000)

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20
Q

What branch of the vestibular nerve is larger?

A

Superior branch

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21
Q

What makes up the inferior branch of the vestibular nerve?

A

Saccular nerve and posterior ampullary nerve

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22
Q

What area of the ear is supplied by both the inferior and superior branches of the vestibular nerve?

A

Saccule

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23
Q

What forms the superior branch of the vestibular nerve?

A

Lateral and anterior ampullary nerves

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24
Q

What nerves supply the utricle?

A

Branch from the lateral ampullary nerve and a branch directly off the superior branch

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25
Q

What does Voit’s nerve supply?

A

Saccule (branch from the superior branch of the vestibular nerve)

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26
Q

What is a unilateral tumor of Schwann cells associated with cranial nerve VIII leading to hearing and equilibrium issues, as well as major headaches?

A

Acoustic neuroma

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27
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Ringing sensation in the ears

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28
Q

Tinnitus could be a 1st sign of what condition?

A

Ménière’s disease

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29
Q

What kind of hearing loss do cochlear implants treat?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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30
Q

How can we differentiate vestibular disease (vertigo) from cervicogenic vertigo?

A

If the swivel chair spinning while stabilizing the patient’s head reproduces the vertigo, it is most likely cervicogenic & we are able to help them via neck adjustment

31
Q

What is another name for the superior semicircular duct/canal?

A

Anterior

32
Q

What is the nucleus of origin of cranial nerve IX?

A

Nucleus ambiguus (superior part)

33
Q

The muscles supplied by the nucleus ambiguus are derived from what embryologic structures?

A

Branchial arches (therefore are branchiomotor)

34
Q

What are the two nuclei of termination for cranial nerve IX?

A

Spinal nucleus of trigeminal and solitary nucleus (nucleus solitarius)

35
Q

From where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerve IX arise?

A

Inferior salivary nucleus

36
Q

What are the two peripheral ganglia associated with cranial nerve IX?

A

A smaller superior ganglion and an inferior ganglion

37
Q

Where do autonomic fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse?

A

Otic ganglion

38
Q

General sensory information is carried in cranial nerve IX from which locations?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, portion of the tongue posterior to the sulcus terminalis, uvula, palatine tonsils, and tympanic cavity

39
Q

Where do general sensory information from cranial nerve IX synapse?

A

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

40
Q

What is the cell body location for the general sensory information carried in cranial nerve IX?

A

Notes say inferior ganglion (but there is some discrepancy among sources; some say superior)

41
Q

What is the nucleus of termination for taste information in cranial nerve IX?

A

Solitary nucleus (superior part)

42
Q

What is the cell body location for taste sensory information of cranial nerve IX?

A

Inferior ganglion

43
Q

What is the nucleus of termination for visceral afferent information of cranial nerve IX?

A

Solitary nucleus (inferior part)

44
Q

What is the cell body location for visceral afferent information of cranial nerve IX?

A

Inferior ganglion

45
Q

Visceral afferent cells of cranial nerve IX carry information from what locations?

A

Carotid sinus and carotid body (baroreceptors sensitive to pressure changes)

46
Q

The nucleus ambiguus contributes lower motor neurons to which three cranial nerves?

A

IX, X, and XI

47
Q

What muscle is supplied by cranial nerve IX?

A

Stylopharyngeus

48
Q

What types of fibers make up the mixed cranial nerve IX?

A

Motor, sensory, autonomic

49
Q

From the otic ganglion, postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of cranial nerve IX influence what glands?

A

Parotid, buccal, and inferior labial glands

50
Q

What is the apparent origin of cranial nerve IX?

A

Lateral aspect of the superior part of the medulla oblongata

51
Q

Which cranial nerves do not have discernible trunks that come out as apparent origins but instead as a series of rootlets?

A

IX, X, XI, XII

52
Q

From where do preganglionic parasympathetic axons of cranial nerve IX arise to then synapse in the otic ganglion?

A

Inferior salivary nucleus

53
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the skull via what osseous opening?

A

Jugular foramen

54
Q

Which ganglion of cranial nerve IX is located inside the cranium?

A

Superior ganglion

55
Q

Which ganglion of cranial nerve IX is located beyond the jugular foramen, outside the cranium?

A

Inferior ganglion

56
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic and/or sensory fibers from cranial nerve IX enter the tympanic cavity by way of what opening?

A

Tympanic canaliculus

57
Q

What types of fibers make up the tympanic plexus (cranial nerve IX)?

A

General sensory, preganglionic parasympathetic, and postganglionic sympathetic fibers

58
Q

From where does the tympanic nerve arise?

A

Inferior ganglion

59
Q

The tympanic plexus carries somatosensory information from what areas?

A

Tympanic cavity, pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube, mastoid air cells

60
Q

What forms the lesser petrosal nerve?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that travel through the tympanic plexus

61
Q

To where does the lesser petrosal nerve travel?

A

Otic ganglion

62
Q

What types of fibers are carried in the tympanic nerve BEFORE it enters the tympanic cavity?

A

Preganglionic parasympathetic and sensory fibers

63
Q

Does the tympanic nerve go to the otic ganglion?

A

NO; the lesser petrosal nerve does (from that sequence)

64
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion are carried in branches of what other cranial nerve to which glands?

A

Cranial nerve V3 (mandibular division) to the parotid, buccal, and inferior labial glands

65
Q

The carotid branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve carries afferent information from what locations?

A

Chemoreceptors in the carotid body and baroreceptors in the carotid sinus (similar to the vagus nerve)

66
Q

What branches of cranial nerve IX convey sensory information from the mucosa of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal branches

67
Q

What branch of cranial nerve IX supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Muscular branch

68
Q

What is the location of the carotid branch of cranial nerve IX?

A

Ascends from below and enters the nerve at the inferior ganglion

69
Q

What are the two branches of cranial nerve IX that reach the oral cavity?

A

Tonsillar and lingual branches

70
Q

The tonsillar branches of cranial nerve IX convey sensory information from what locations?

A

Palatine tonsils and oral mucosa

71
Q

The lingual branches of cranial nerve IX carry general sensory and taste information from what areas?

A

Tongue (posterior to the sulcus terminalis)

72
Q

The lesser petrosal nerve travels through what opening to get to the otic ganglion?

A

Lesser petrosal canal

73
Q

What types of taste are lost when the glossopharyngeal nerve is affected?

A

Bitter and sour (those tastebuds posterior to the sulcus terminalis)

74
Q

What is a simple test used for the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Gag reflex with a long Q-tip testing the pharyngeal arches

75
Q

What action becomes difficult with impairment to cranial nerve IX?

A

Swallowing

76
Q

In the tympanic cavity, the tympanic nerve receives postganglionic sympathetic fibers from what location?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

PNS Exam Two (5 decks)

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