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CNS Anatomy > Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI (3,4,6) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI (3,4,6) Flashcards

1
Q

Occulomotor nerve (3rd) Motor for most of

A

extraocular muscles.

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2
Q

Occulomotor nerve (3rd) carries parasympathetic fibers to the

A

pupillary constrictor and ciliary muscles.

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3
Q

Occulomotor nerve (3rd) nucleus

A

Main occulomotor nucleus
Accessory nucleus (Edinger Westphal nucleus)

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4
Q

Which occulomotor nucleus Lies in the mid brain, at the level of superior colliculus

A

Main occulomotor nucleus

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5
Q

Which occulomotor nucleus Lies dorsal to the main motor nucleus

A

Accessory nucleus (Edinger Westphal nucleus)

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6
Q

Occulomotor nerve cells are parasympthatic neurons for

A

Accommodation reflex
Direct & consensual reflexes

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7
Q

Occulomotor nerve _____ curve ventrally through the red nucleus in the midbrain

A

from the oculomotor nucleus

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8
Q

Occulomotor nerve In the middle cranial fossa it divides into superior and inferior divisions which pass to the orbit through the

A

superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

The parasympathetic fibers accompany oculomotor nerve fibers to the orbit, where they terminate in _______ then fibers pass to ___

A

ciliary ganglion
short ciliary nerves

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10
Q

parasympathetic fibers terminate in ciliary ganglion,then fibers pass through the short ciliary nerves to eyeball, where they supply:

A

Constrictor pupillae muscle of the iris
Ciliary muscles

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11
Q

Occulomotor nerve supplies (motor) :

A

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior rectus muscle
Medial rectus muscle
Inferior rectus muscle
Inferior oblique muscle

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12
Q

Occulomotor nerve supplies parasympathetic fibers :

A

Constrictor pupillae
Ciliary muscles.

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13
Q

Occulomotor nerve responsible for

A
  • Elevation of upper eyelid (open the eye)
  • Turning the eyeball upward, downwards and medially
  • Constriction of the pupil
  • Accommodating reflex of the eyes
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14
Q

Occulomotor nerve lesions results in

A
  • Lateral squint
  • Ptosis
  • Diplopia
  • Pupillary dilatation
  • Loss of accommodation
    -The eyeball is fully abducted and depressed (down and out)
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15
Q

The nerve that emerges immediately caudal to the inferior colliculus, on the dorsal surface of brain stem is called

A

Trochlear nerve (4th)

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16
Q

Trochlear nerve (4th) passes forward in the

A

lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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17
Q

Trochlear nerve (4th) passes forward in
the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus then enters the orbit through

A

superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

Trochlear nerve (4th) supplies

A

Superior oblique muscle

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19
Q

Trochlear nerve (4th) function

A

Rotates the eye ball downwards and laterally

20
Q

Trochlear nerve (4th) lesions

A
  • Diplopia
  • Inability to rotate the eyeball infero-laterally
  • eye deviates upward and slightly inward
  • difficulty in walking downstairs
21
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) has how many motor nucleuses ?

A

One

22
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) Lies in

A

caudal pons in the floor of the 4th ventricle

23
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) emerges from

A

ventral aspect, at the junction of the pons and the medulla oblongata

24
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) passes through

A

Cavernous sinus

25
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) enters orbit through

A

Superior orbital fissure

26
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) supplies

A

lateral rectus muscle (rotates the eye ball laterally (abduction))

27
Q

Abducent nerve (6th) lesions

A
  • Inability to direct the affected eye laterally (result in medial squint)
    -A nuclear lesion may involve nearby nucleus/axons of the facial nerve, causing paralysis of all facial muscles in ipsilateral side.
28
Q

Optic nerve type

A

Special sensory nerve

29
Q

Optic nerve lesion

A
  • visual field defects
  • loss of vision
  • Anopsia
30
Q

Visual pathway

A
  1. Optic nerve
  2. Optic chiasm
  3. Optic tract
  4. Lateral geniculate body (nucleus)
  5. Optic radiation
  6. Visual cortex
31
Q

Three neurons pathway: 1st order neurons:

A

Bipolar cells of retina

32
Q

Three neurons pathway: 2nd order neurons:

A

Ganglion cells of retina (Their axons form the optic nerve)

33
Q

Three neurons pathway: 2nd order neurons:

A

Neurons in the lateral geniculate body
(Their axons terminate in primary visual cortex)

34
Q

Axons of retinal ganglion cells converge at the

A

optic disc and pass as the optic nerve

35
Q

Optic nerve exits through the _____ to enter ____ to form the ___

A

Optic canal
Middle cranial fossa
Optic chiasma

36
Q

Fibers from the nasal medial half of retina cross in the ___ and join uncrossed fibers from the ______ to form the _______

A

Chiasma
temporal lateral half of the retina
optic tract

37
Q

The decussation (cross) of nerve fibers in the chiasm results in the

A

right optic tract conveying impulses from the left visual field and vice versa

38
Q

The partial crossing of optic nerve fibers in the optic chiasma is a requirement for

A

Binocular vision

39
Q

Fibers in the optic tracts Mainly terminate in the

A

lateral geniculate body (LGB) of the thalamus (3rd order neuron)

40
Q

A few optic fibers terminate in

A

pretectal area and superior colliculus (related to light reflexes)

41
Q

From the lateral geniculate nucleus (third-order neuron), the fibers project as the ____ which terminates in the _____ which terminates in ____

A

optic radiation
primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe

42
Q

The primary visual cortex is located

A

medial surface of the hemisphere (region above and below calcarine sulcus)

43
Q

Visual field defects

A

Disease of the eyeball
Disease of the optic nerve
Compression of the optic chiasm

44
Q

Vascular and neoplastic lesions of the optic tract, optic radiation or occipital cortex produce :

A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

45
Q

disease of the optic nerve (multiple sclerosis and optic nerve tumors) leads to

A

Vision loss in affected eye

46
Q

Compression of the optic chiasm by an adjacent pituitary tumour leads to :

A

bitemporal hemianopia

CNS Anatomy (10 decks)

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