Cranial Nerves (gross and neuro combined) Flashcards
cranial nerves are paired/unpaired structures
paired, 12 nerves in total
cranial nerves are visible on the dorsal/ventral aspect of the brain
ventral
state the cranial nerves in order from 1-12
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus spinal accessory hypoglossal
which 2 cranial nerves originate in the cerebrum
olfactory
optic
where does the oculomotor nerve originate from
midbrain pontine junction
where does the trochlear nerve originate from in the brain
midbrain - posteriorly exits
what cranial nerve originates from the pons
trigeminal nerve
which 3 cranial nerves originate from the ponto-medullary junction
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear
which cranial nerves originate from the medulla oblongata
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal
where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull
cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
where does the optic nerve exit the skull
optic canal
which cranial nerves exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure
oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
where does the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve exit
internal acoustic meatus
facial nerve exits through stylomastoid foramen after the internal acoustic meatus
which cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen
glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the brain
hypoglossal canal
what is the function of olfactory nerve
special sensory - smell
what is the function of the optic nerve
special sensory - sight
what is the function of the oculomotor nerve
somatic motor and visceral motor - innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, LPS and sphincter pupillae
what is the function of the trochlear nerve
somatic motor - innervates superior oblique
what is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
sensory - innervates forehead, eyelid, tip of nose
what is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
sensory - innervates the mid-cheek, lower eyelid and nostril
what is the function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
sensory - innervates lower lip and chin
motor - muscles of mastication
what is the function of the abducent nerve
motor - innervates the lateral rectus muscle
what is the function of the facial nerve
sensory - concha of the ear
special sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor - muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius
parasympathetic - supples lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal mucous gland
what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve
hearing and balance
outline the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve
sensory - innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue
special sensory - taste to posterior 1/3 of the tongue
motor - innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle of the pharynx
outline the functions of the vagus nerve
sensory - skin of external acoustic meatus, internal surfaces of larynx. visceral sensation to abdominal organs and heart
special sensory - taste to epiglottis
motor - muscles of the pharynx and palate
parasympathetic - supplies the heart, trachea, bronchi and GI tract
outline the functions of the spinal accessory nerve
motor - innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
outline the functions of the hypoglossal nerve
motor - innervates the muscles of the tongue
what one muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve
palatoglossus
outline the clinical testing of sensory aspect of all 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve
V1 - close eyes and touch forehead, upper eyelid, tip of nose
V2 - close eyes and touch lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril
V3 - close eyes and touch mid cheek and lower chin
must compare each side
outline the clinical testing of motor aspect of CN V3
muscles of mastication
ask patient to clench teeth and palpate the contraction of masseter and temporalis
outline the testing of the facial nerve
ask patient to frown, close eyes tightly shut, show teeth and puff out cheeks
outline the clinical testing of the vagus nerve
ask patient to say ah
swallow small amount of water
listen to speech for hoarseness
ask patient to cough
where do spinal accessory nerve fibres begin
C1-5
outline the clinical testing of the spinal accessory nerve
turn head and shrug shoulders
outline the clinical test for the hypoglossal nerve
stick out tongue
if a unilateral CN XII pathology is present, what side would the tongue move towards on protrusion
tongue moves towards the affected side
if there is a unilateral CN V3 pathology present, what side would the uvula move towards
uvula moves towards the unaffected side
outline the clinical testing of CN II
light reflexes
snellen chart
visual field
what is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain posteriorly
trochlear nerve, shortest nerve with the longest intracranial course
outline the route of the olfactory nerve
collection of sensory fibres that extend from olfactory epithelium to olfactory bulb
passes through cribiform plate of ethmoid
describe the route of the optic nerve
leaves the orbit via the optic canal to the optic chiasm for partial decussation of fibres
fibres now become optic tracts
state the nuclei involved with the optic nerve
superior colliculus
lateral geniculate nucleus
pretectal nucleus
which 2 nuclei are involved in the oculomotor nerve route
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
oculomotor nucleus
what does the Edinger-Westphal nucleus control
parasympathetic fibres via the ciliary ganglion
controls the pupillary muscles and ciliary muscle for constriction and accomodation respectively
what does the oculomotor nucleus control
motor control, originates at the level of the superior colliculus in midbrain
what nucleus is involved with the trochlear nerve
trochlear nucleus
what is the only cranial nerve that affects the contralateral side
trochlear
which ganglion is involved in the trigeminal nerve
trigeminal ganglion
which nucleus is involved in proprioception from chewing in CN V
mesencephalic nucleus
which nucleus is involves in touch and vibration from CN V
pontine nucleus
what does the spinal nucleus regulate in CN V
pain and temperature
where is the abducens nucleus located
in the midline, originates from the pons
state the nuclei involves in the facial nerve (4) and their function
facial motor - motor supply
salivatory nucleus - parasympathetic innervation
solitary nucleus - anterior 2/3rd of tongue for taste
spinal trigeminal - somatosensation of the ear
what ganglion is involved in the facial nerve
geniculate ganglion
what are the 2 nuclei involved in the vestibulocochlear nerve
vestibular nucleus
cochlear nucleus
where do the nuclei in CN VIII originate from
upper medulla
the solitary nucleus is divided into what 2 areas and what do they supply
gustatory - taste
commisural - visceral afferents
outline the 4 nuclei involved with the glossopharyngeal nerve
solitary - both gustatory and commisural
spinal trigeminal - somatosensation of the ear
inferior salivatory nucleus - parasympathetic to parotid gland
nucleus ambigus - motor supply to stylopharyngeus
outline the 4 nuclei involved with the vagus nerve
dorsal nucleus - parasympathetic
solitary nucleus - gustatory and commisural for aortic arch
nucleus ambigus - motor to larynx and pharynx
spinal trigeminal - somatosensation to ear and dura
where does the accessory nucleus for CN VI originate
ventral horn C1-5
what nucleus is involved with the hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal nucleus
