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Neurology > Cranial Nerves (gross and neuro combined) > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves (gross and neuro combined) Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves are paired/unpaired structures

A

paired, 12 nerves in total

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2
Q

cranial nerves are visible on the dorsal/ventral aspect of the brain

A

ventral

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3
Q

state the cranial nerves in order from 1-12

A 
olfactory 
optic 
oculomotor 
trochlear 
trigeminal 
abducens 
facial 
vestibulocochlear 
glossopharyngeal 
vagus 
spinal accessory 
hypoglossal
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4
Q

which 2 cranial nerves originate in the cerebrum

A

olfactory

optic

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5
Q

where does the oculomotor nerve originate from

A

midbrain pontine junction

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6
Q

where does the trochlear nerve originate from in the brain

A

midbrain - posteriorly exits

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7
Q

what cranial nerve originates from the pons

A

trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

which 3 cranial nerves originate from the ponto-medullary junction

A

abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

which cranial nerves originate from the medulla oblongata

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory
hypoglossal

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10
Q

where does the olfactory nerve exit the skull

A

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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11
Q

where does the optic nerve exit the skull

A

optic canal

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12
Q

which cranial nerves exit the skull via the superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor
trochlear
abducens
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

where does the facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve exit

A

internal acoustic meatus

facial nerve exits through stylomastoid foramen after the internal acoustic meatus

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14
Q

which cranial nerves exit through the jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
spinal accessory

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15
Q

where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the brain

A

hypoglossal canal

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16
Q

what is the function of olfactory nerve

A

special sensory - smell

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17
Q

what is the function of the optic nerve

A

special sensory - sight

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18
Q

what is the function of the oculomotor nerve

A

somatic motor and visceral motor - innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, LPS and sphincter pupillae

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19
Q

what is the function of the trochlear nerve

A

somatic motor - innervates superior oblique

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20
Q

what is the function of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - innervates forehead, eyelid, tip of nose

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21
Q

what is the function of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - innervates the mid-cheek, lower eyelid and nostril

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22
Q

what is the function of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - innervates lower lip and chin

motor - muscles of mastication

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23
Q

what is the function of the abducent nerve

A

motor - innervates the lateral rectus muscle

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24
Q

what is the function of the facial nerve

A

sensory - concha of the ear
special sensory - taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor - muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius
parasympathetic - supples lacrimal, nasal, palatine and pharyngeal mucous gland

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25
Q

what is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

hearing and balance

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26
Q

outline the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

sensory - innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue
special sensory - taste to posterior 1/3 of the tongue
motor - innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle of the pharynx

27
Q

outline the functions of the vagus nerve

A

sensory - skin of external acoustic meatus, internal surfaces of larynx. visceral sensation to abdominal organs and heart
special sensory - taste to epiglottis
motor - muscles of the pharynx and palate
parasympathetic - supplies the heart, trachea, bronchi and GI tract

28
Q

outline the functions of the spinal accessory nerve

A

motor - innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle

29
Q

outline the functions of the hypoglossal nerve

A

motor - innervates the muscles of the tongue

30
Q

what one muscle of the tongue is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

A

palatoglossus

31
Q

outline the clinical testing of sensory aspect of all 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

V1 - close eyes and touch forehead, upper eyelid, tip of nose
V2 - close eyes and touch lower eyelid, upper lip and nostril
V3 - close eyes and touch mid cheek and lower chin
must compare each side

32
Q

outline the clinical testing of motor aspect of CN V3

A

muscles of mastication

ask patient to clench teeth and palpate the contraction of masseter and temporalis

33
Q

outline the testing of the facial nerve

A

ask patient to frown, close eyes tightly shut, show teeth and puff out cheeks

34
Q

outline the clinical testing of the vagus nerve

A

ask patient to say ah
swallow small amount of water
listen to speech for hoarseness
ask patient to cough

35
Q

where do spinal accessory nerve fibres begin

A

C1-5

36
Q

outline the clinical testing of the spinal accessory nerve

A

turn head and shrug shoulders

37
Q

outline the clinical test for the hypoglossal nerve

A

stick out tongue

38
Q

if a unilateral CN XII pathology is present, what side would the tongue move towards on protrusion

A

tongue moves towards the affected side

39
Q

if there is a unilateral CN V3 pathology present, what side would the uvula move towards

A

uvula moves towards the unaffected side

40
Q

outline the clinical testing of CN II

A

light reflexes
snellen chart
visual field

41
Q

what is the only cranial nerve to exit the brain posteriorly

A

trochlear nerve, shortest nerve with the longest intracranial course

42
Q

outline the route of the olfactory nerve

A

collection of sensory fibres that extend from olfactory epithelium to olfactory bulb
passes through cribiform plate of ethmoid

43
Q

describe the route of the optic nerve

A

leaves the orbit via the optic canal to the optic chiasm for partial decussation of fibres
fibres now become optic tracts

44
Q

state the nuclei involved with the optic nerve

A

superior colliculus
lateral geniculate nucleus
pretectal nucleus

45
Q

which 2 nuclei are involved in the oculomotor nerve route

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

oculomotor nucleus

46
Q

what does the Edinger-Westphal nucleus control

A

parasympathetic fibres via the ciliary ganglion

controls the pupillary muscles and ciliary muscle for constriction and accomodation respectively

47
Q

what does the oculomotor nucleus control

A

motor control, originates at the level of the superior colliculus in midbrain

48
Q

what nucleus is involved with the trochlear nerve

A

trochlear nucleus

49
Q

what is the only cranial nerve that affects the contralateral side

A

trochlear

50
Q

which ganglion is involved in the trigeminal nerve

A

trigeminal ganglion

51
Q

which nucleus is involved in proprioception from chewing in CN V

A

mesencephalic nucleus

52
Q

which nucleus is involves in touch and vibration from CN V

A

pontine nucleus

53
Q

what does the spinal nucleus regulate in CN V

A

pain and temperature

54
Q

where is the abducens nucleus located

A

in the midline, originates from the pons

55
Q

state the nuclei involves in the facial nerve (4) and their function

A

facial motor - motor supply
salivatory nucleus - parasympathetic innervation
solitary nucleus - anterior 2/3rd of tongue for taste
spinal trigeminal - somatosensation of the ear

56
Q

what ganglion is involved in the facial nerve

A

geniculate ganglion

57
Q

what are the 2 nuclei involved in the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

vestibular nucleus

cochlear nucleus

58
Q

where do the nuclei in CN VIII originate from

A

upper medulla

59
Q

the solitary nucleus is divided into what 2 areas and what do they supply

A

gustatory - taste

commisural - visceral afferents

60
Q

outline the 4 nuclei involved with the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

solitary - both gustatory and commisural
spinal trigeminal - somatosensation of the ear
inferior salivatory nucleus - parasympathetic to parotid gland
nucleus ambigus - motor supply to stylopharyngeus

61
Q

outline the 4 nuclei involved with the vagus nerve

A

dorsal nucleus - parasympathetic
solitary nucleus - gustatory and commisural for aortic arch
nucleus ambigus - motor to larynx and pharynx
spinal trigeminal - somatosensation to ear and dura

62
Q

where does the accessory nucleus for CN VI originate

A

ventral horn C1-5

63
Q

what nucleus is involved with the hypoglossal nerve

A

hypoglossal nucleus

Neurology (19 decks)

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