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Neuroendocrine > Cranial Nerves & Autonomics > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves & Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What is CN I?

A

Olfactory N.

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2
Q

What is CN II?

A

Optic N.

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3
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor N.

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4
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear N.

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5
Q

What is CN V?

A

Trigeminal N.

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6
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens N.

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7
Q

What is CN VII?

A

Facial N.

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8
Q

What is CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear N.

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9
Q

What is CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal N.

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10
Q

What is CN X?

A

Vagus N.

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11
Q

What is CN XI?

A

Spinal Accessory N.

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12
Q

What is CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal N.

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13
Q

Where does the olfactory N. (CN I) exit the skull?

A

foramina of the cribriform plate

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14
Q

Where does the optic N. (CN II) exit the skull?

A

optic canal

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15
Q

Where does the oculomotor N. (CN III) exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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16
Q

Where does the trochlear N. (CN IV) exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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17
Q

Where does the trigeminal N. (CN V) exit the skull?

A

V1 (ophthalmic N.) - superior orbital fissure
V2 (maxillary N.) - foramen rotundum
V3 (mandible N.) - foramen ovale

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18
Q

Where does the abducens N. (CN VI) exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

Where does the facial N. (CN VII) exit the skull?

A

internal acoustic meatus

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20
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear N. (CN VIII) exit the skull?

A

internal acoustic meatus

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21
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX) exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

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22
Q

Where does the vagus N. (CN X) exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

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23
Q

Where does the spinal accessory N. (CN XI) exit the skull?

A

jugular foramen

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24
Q

Where does the hypoglossal N. (CN XII) exit the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal

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25
Q

What exits through the foramina of the cribriform plate?

A

olfactory N. (CN I)

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26
Q

On what bone is the cribriform plate?

A

ethmoid

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27
Q

What exits through the optic canal?

A

optic N. (CN II)

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28
Q

On what bone is the optic canal?

A

sphenoid

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29
Q

What exits through the superior orbital fissure?

A

oculomotor N. (CN III)
trochlear N. (CN IV)
ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal N. (V1)
abducens N. (CN VI)

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30
Q

On what bone is the superior orbital fissure?

A

sphenoid

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31
Q

What exits through the foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary branch of the trigeminal N. (V2)

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32
Q

On what bone is the foramen rotundum?

A

sphenoid

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33
Q

What exits through the foramen ovale?

A

mandibular branch of the trigeminal N. (V3)

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34
Q

On what bone is the foramen ovale?

A

sphenoid

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35
Q

What exits through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

facial N. (CN VII)

vestibulocochlear N. (CN VIII)

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36
Q

On what bone is the internal acoustic meatus?

A

temporal bone

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37
Q

What exits through the jugular foramen?

A

glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
vagus N. (CN X)
spinal accessory N. (CN XI)

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38
Q

Where in the skull is the jugular foramen?

A

Between the temporal bone and occipital bone

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39
Q

What exits through the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal N. (CN XII)

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40
Q

On what bone is the hypoglossal canal?

A

occipital bone

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41
Q

What enters through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal A.

42
Q

On what bone is the foramen spinosum?

A

sphenoid

43
Q

What enters through the carotid canal?

A

internal carotid A.

44
Q

What is the “nucleus” of the olfactory nerve (CN I)?

A

mitral cells of the olfactory bulb

45
Q

What fibers does the olfactory nerve carry (CN I)?

A

special sense afferent - smell

46
Q

What is the “nucleus” of the optic nerve (CN II)?

A

ganglion cells of retina

47
Q

What fibers does the optic nerve carry (CN II)?

A

special sense afferent - vision

48
Q

What are the brainstem nuclei of the oculomotor nerve with their associated fibers (CN III)?

A

oculomotor nucleus - general somatic efferent

Edginger-Westphal - general visceral efferent

49
Q

What is the brainstem nuclei of the trochlear nerve with its associated fibers (CN IV)?

A

trochlear nucleus - general somatic efferent

50
Q

What are the brainstem nuclei of the trigeminal nerve with their associated fibers (CN V)?

A

masticator (trigeminal motor) nucleus - special visceral efferent

trigeminal nucleus - general somatic afferent

51
Q

What is the brainstem nucleus of the abducens nerve with is associated fibers (CN VI)?

A

abducens nucleus - general somatic efferent

52
Q

What are the brainstem nuclei of the facial nerve with their associated fibers (CN VII)?

A

facial motor nucleus - special visceral efferent
superior salivatory nucleus - general visceral efferent

nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve - general somatic afferent

nucleus solitarius gustatory/rostral portion - special sense afferent

53
Q

What are the brainstem nuclei of the vestibulocochlear nerve and their associated fibers (CN VIII)?

A

vestibular nucleus - special sense afferent

cochloear nucleus - special sense afferent

54
Q

What are the brainstem nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve and their associated fibers (CN IX)?

A

ambiguus nucleus - special visceral efferent
inferior salivatory nucleus - general visceral efferent

nucleus solitarius gustatory/rostral portion - special sense afferent

nucleus solitarius caudal portion - general visceral afferent

nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve - general somatic afferent

55
Q

What are the brainstem nuclei of the vagus nerve and their associated fibers (CN X)?

A

nucleus ambiguus - special visceral efferent
dorsal vagal nucleus - general visceral efferent

nucleus solitarius caudal portion - general visceral afferent

nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve - general somatic afferent

56
Q

What is the brainstem nucleus of the spinal accessory nerve and its associated fibers (CN XI)?

A

spinal accessory nucleus - special visceral efferent

57
Q

What is the brainstem nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve and its associated fibers (CN XII)?

A

hypoglossal nucleus - general somatic efferent

58
Q

Which nerves carry parasympathetics?

A

III, VII, IX, and X

59
Q

What are the four parasympathetic ganglion with their respective nerves?

A

ciliary - oculomotor N. (III)
submandibular - facial N. (VII)
pterygopalatine - facial N. (VII)
otic - glossopharyngeal (IX)

60
Q

Which cranial nerves run through the cavernous sinus?

A

III and IV on the lateral walls

VI through the middle

61
Q

What is the relationship b/w the auricotemporal N. and the middle meningeal A.?

A

auriculotemporal N. (from V3) splits around the middle meningeal artery (from maxillary A.)

62
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by V3?

A 
temporalis M. 
medial and lateral pterygoid M. 
tensor veli palatini M.
tensor tympani M
masseter M. (masseteric N.)
63
Q

Which neck muscles are innervated by V3?

A

mylohyoid M

anterior belly of the digastric M.

64
Q

What are the major branches of V3?

A 
buccal N. (sensation to inside of cheek)
lingual N.
inferior alveolar N. (lower teeth)
N. to the mylohyoid
masseteric N.
auriculotemporal N.
65
Q

What nerves innervate structures derived from the pharyngeal arches?

A

1st arch - mandibular N. (V3)
2nd arch - facial N. (CN VII)
3rd arch - hypoglossal N. (CN IX)
4th arch - vagus N. (CN X)

66
Q

What structures are innervated downstream from the ciliary ganglion of CN III?

A

ciliary M.

constrictor pupillae M.

67
Q

What structures are innervated downstream from the pterygopalatine ganglion of CN VII?

A

lacrimal gland

68
Q

What structures are innervated downstream from the submandibular ganglion of CN VII?

A

submandibular and sublingual glands

69
Q

What structure is innervated downstream from the otic ganglion of CN IX?

A

parotid gland

70
Q

What is the relationship between CN V, CN VII, and the chorda tympani?

A

chorda tympani is nerve special sense afferent nerve fibers of CN VII that join the lingual N. of CN V3 to reach the tongue

71
Q

What structure runs through the parotid gland?

A

facial N., but it doesn’t innervate the gland

72
Q

What eye muscles are innervated by oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

A 
ciliary M.
constrictor pupillae M.
superior rectus M.
medial rectus M.
superior rectus M.
inferior rectus M.
inferior oblique M.
levator palpebrae superioris M.
73
Q

What does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervate?

A

superior oblique M.

74
Q

What does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) innervate?

A

muscles of mastication
mylohyoid M.
anterior belly of the digastric M.

superior and anterior to ear
lower cheek
mandible and chin
lower lip

75
Q

What does the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2) innervate?

A 
superior to temple
temple
cheek bones
beneath eye
nares
upper lip
76
Q

What does the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) innervate?

A

top of head
forehead
eyes
bridge of nose

77
Q

What does the abducens nerve (CN VI) innervate?

A

lateral rectus M.

78
Q

What does the facial nerve (CN VII) innervate?

A 
stapedius M.
superior/anterior/posterior auriculares M
occipitofrontalis M.
orbicularis oculi M.
zygomaticus major/minor M.
levator anguli M.
levator labii superioris M.
buccinator M.
risorius M.
nasalis M.
orbicularis oris M.
depressor anguli oris M.
depressor labii inferioris M.
mentalis M.
platysma M.
posterior belly of the digastric M.
stylohyoid M.
79
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) innervate?

A

cochlea of the inner ear

hair cells in vestibule of the inner ear

80
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) innervate?

A 
skin external ear
internal surface tympanic membrane
parotid gland
sensation and taste to posterior third of tongue
gag reflex
stylopharyngeus M.
carotid body/sinus
81
Q

What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate?

A 
external auditory canal
eardrum
smooth muscle larynx/pharynx/trachea
heart, lungs, abdominal organs
cardiac muscle
heart glands
glands of abdominal organs
superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictor mm.
palatopharyngeus M.
salpingopharyngeus M.
palatoglossus M.
cricothyroid M.
thyroarytenoid M.
oblique arytenoid M.
transverse arytenoid M.
lateral cricothyroid M.
posterior cricothyroid M.
vocalis M.
82
Q

What does the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) innervate?

A

sternocleidomastoid M.

trapezius M.

83
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervate?

A 
genioglossus M.
hyoglossus M.
styloglossus M.
superior/inferior longitudinal mm.
transverse M.
vertical M.
84
Q

How does the trigeminal nerve aid in distributing parasympathetic axons throughout the head?

A

all post-ganglionic fibers “piggyback” on a branch of the trigeminal N. to arrive at the structures they innervate

85
Q

On what nerve do the post-ganglionic fibers of CN III (after the ciliary ganglion) “piggyback”?

A

nasociliary N. (V1)

86
Q

On what nerve do the post-ganglionic fibers of CN VII (after the pterygopalatine ganglion) “piggyback”?

A

lacrimal N. (V1)

87
Q

On what nerve do the post-ganglionic fibers of CN VII (after the submandibular ganglion) “piggyback”?

A

lingual N. (V3)

88
Q

On what nerve do the post-ganglionic fibers of CN IX (after the otic ganglion) “piggyback”?

A

auriculotemporal N. (V3)

89
Q

Blue Box: CN I Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Fx of cribriform plate

  • anosmia
  • CSF rhinorrhea
90
Q

Blue Box: CN II Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Trauma to orbit/eyeball; Fx of Optic Canal
-loss of pupillary constriction

Pressure on optic pathway; laceration or clot in temporal, parietal, or occipital lobes of brain
-visual defects

91
Q

Blue Box: CN III Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Pressure from herniating uncus on nerve; Fx involving cavernous sinus; aneurysms
-dilated pupil; ptosis; eye turns down and out; pupillary reflex lost on affected side

92
Q

Blue Box: CN IV Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Nerve stretch around brainstem; Fx of orbit

-inability to look down when eye is adducted (H-test)

93
Q

Blue Box: CN V Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Injury to terminal branches (particularly V2) in roof of maxillary sinus; pathological processes affecting trigeminal ganglion
-loss of pain and touch sensation; paresthesia; masseter and temporalis muscles don’t ctx; deviation of mandible to side of lesion when mouth is open

94
Q

Blue Box: CN VI Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Base of brain of Fx involving cavernous sinus or orbit

-eye fails to move laterally; diplopia on lateral gaze

95
Q

Blue Box: CN VII Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Laceration or contusion in parotid region
-paralysis of facial muscles; eye remains open; angle of mouth drops; forehead doesn’t wrinkle

Fx of temporal bone
-everything above, plus involvement of cochlear N. and chorda tympani; dry cornea; loss of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

Intracranial hematoma (stroke)
-forehead wrinkles still b/c frontalis M. is innervated bilaterally, but otherwise paralysis of contralateral facial muscles
96
Q

Blue Box: CN VIII Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Tumor of nerve (acoustic neuroma)

-progressive unilateral hearing loss; tinnitus

97
Q

Blue Box: CN IX Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck

  • loss of taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • loss of sensation on affected side of soft palate
98
Q

Blue Box: CN X Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck

-sagging of soft palate; deviation of uvula to normal sid; hoarseness owing to paralysis of vocal folds

99
Q

Blue Box: CN XI Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Laceration of neck

-paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and descending fibers of trapezius; drooping shoulder

100
Q

Blue Box: CN XII Injury and Clinical Presentation

A

Neck laceration; Fx of cranial base

  • protruded tongue deviates toward affected side
  • moderate dysarthria

Neuroendocrine (8 decks)

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