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F1:NAS20/21 > Cranial nerves APO4 > Flashcards

Cranial nerves APO4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the weakest point of the neurocrainium? Why is this significant?

A

The pterion
middle meningeal artery flows underneath here. Trauma often results in an extradural hematoma (ie between dura and the skull)

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2
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa? What does it contain what are the important structures to note?

A

consists of the frontal bone ethmoid bone and body of sphenoid and its two lesser wings
contains the two frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex
contains cribriform plate where olfactory bulb of CNI rests

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3
Q

Middle cranial fossa? What is it formed from? What are the key structures to note?

A

Formed from the temporal bone as well as greater wings and body of sphenoid

Temporal lobes of brain sit here

Contains the sella turcica on the body of the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland

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4
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

The optic nerve (CNVII)

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5
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, CNIV, CNV1, CNVI

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6
Q

what passes through the foramen rotundum

A

The maxillary nerve V2

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7
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale?

A

The mandibular nerve V3

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8
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery and its veins

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9
Q

What is the formamen magnum? What passes through it?

A

Largest foramen in the skull. Brain stem passes through it to link to the spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the hypoglossal canal? Where is it what does it contain?

A

Locted just inside and at the top of the foramen magnum

contains the hypoglossal nerve CNXII

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11
Q

What does the internal acoustic meatus contain

A

CNVII facial that then branches into the stylomastoid foramen
and CNVIII the vestibulocochlear

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12
Q

What does the jugular foramen contain?

A

Internal jugular vein as well as CNIX CNX CNXI

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13
Q

What are the names of all the cranial nerves?

A

Optic, olfactory, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

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14
Q

Olfactory nerve
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

Smell specialised olfactory nerve branches from main bulb

is a sensory nerve

SVA special visceral afferent fibres –> help to mediate visceral sensations

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15
Q

Optic nerve
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

Vision specialised sensory cells in retina i.e. involved in vision

is a sensory nerve

SSA specialised somatic afferent derived from ectoderm

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16
Q

Oculomotor nerve
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

Extra-ocular muscles surrounding the eye
also muscles that allow for accommodation and pupil reflex

Motor nerve

Contains
GSE (general somatic efferent fibres innervates SK muscle)
GVE (general visceral efferent fibres supply smooth muscle and internal organs)

17
Q

Trochlear
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

Superior oblique extra-ocular muscle

Motor

Contains GSE fibres

18
Q

Trigeminal what are main branches and main structure

A

Mixed nerve sensory and motor divisions

branches into three nerves

19
Q

What is the ophthalmic nerve
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

V1 branch of trigeminal nerve

Supplies conjunctiva eyes lacrimal gland supper eyelid and anterior part of scalp

Sensory

GSA fibers (general sensory afferent)

20
Q

What is the maxillary nerve?
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

V2 branch of trigeminal nerve

Supplies the nasopharynx soft palate nasal cavity teeth of upper jaw skin coving the nose lower eye lid cheek and upper lip

Sensory

GSA

21
Q

What is the mandibular nerve?
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve

Supplies the muscles of mastication
sensory branches front the cheek lower lip anterior part of ear muscosa of the cheek the mandible (lower jaw teeth) and dura in the middle cranial fossa

SVE (special visceral efferent) or Branchial efferent
supply muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches

GSA (general somatic afferent)

22
Q

Abducens nerve
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

innervates lateral rectus muscle (extra-ocular muscle)

Motor

GSE

23
Q

Facial nerve CNVII
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

GSA sensory input from skin of posterior ear and around external acoustic meatus

GVE innervate lacrimal glands, mucosa of the nasal cavity

SVA innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue involved with taste

SVE that innervate muscles of facial expression

Mixed nerve

24
Q

Vestibulocochlear
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

Supplies vestibule involved in balance as well as cochlear for hearing

Sensory

SSA (special somatic afferent) derived from ectoderm

25
Q

Glossopharyngeal
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

GVA carotid body and sinus monitoring blood pressure and O2

GSA supplies posterior 1/3 of tongue taste, mucosa of middle ear, oropharynx and soft palate

SSA taste posterior 1/3 of the tongue

GVE fibres supplying salivary glands

SVE innervate muscles derived from third pharyngeal arch

26
Q

Vagus
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

GSA sensory input to the larynx laryngopharynx and the auricle of the acoustic meatus as well as dura matter in the posterior cranial fossa

GVA sensory input to aortic chemoreceptors and baroreceptors as well as oesophagus bronchi heart and other abdominal viscera

SSA for taste around the epiglottis and pharynx

GVE fibers innervate smooth muscle of pharynx and larynx

SVE innervate palatoglossus muscle of tongue and the muscles of the soft palate

27
Q

Accessory
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

innervates sternocleidomastoid muscles and trapezius muscles

Motor

SVE

28
Q

Hypoglossal
What does it supply
What type of nerve is it
What type of fibres does it contain

A

all intrinsic and most of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Motor

GSE general somatic efferent

F1:NAS20/21 (15 decks)

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