CNS basic anatomy and meninges Flashcards
What bones form the neruocranum
Frontal bone 2 paritetal bones occipital bone ethmoid bone sphenoid bone 2 temporal bones
What is the name of the suture between the frontal bone and the 2 parietal bones
the coronal suture
What is the name of the suture between the two parietal bones
sagittal suture
What is the name of the suture between the parietal bones and the occipital bones
Lambdoid suture
What bones form the viscerocranium? (14)
2 zygomatic bones 2 lacrimal bones 2 nasal bones 2 inferior nasal conchae 2 palatine bones 2 maxillae vomer mandible
What is the tripartite brain
The prosencephalon the fore brain
the mesencephalon the mid brain
and the rhombencephalon the hind brain
What is the pentapartite brain stage of development?
Prosencephalon divides into:
Telencephalon & Diencephalon
Mesencephalon remains undifferentiated
Rhombencephalon divides into:
metencephalon
myelencephalon
What separates the right and left sides of the brain?
The longitudinal fissure
not completely bisected remain joined via the corpus callosum
What is the role of the frontal lobes
Planning commanding voluntary movements decision making problem solving memory and motivation
What is the role of the temporal lobes
Involved in processing of auditory information
What is the role of the occipital lobes
involved in processing of visual information
What is the role of the parietal lobes
sensory cortex and sensation of body surfaces and viscera as well as proprioception and language processing
What are the other potential lobes of the brain?
Limbic lobes (deep to the parietal lobe) learning memory and motivation
Insular lobe (deep to the temporal lobe) visceral sensation and autonomic control
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
The central sulcus
precentral gyrus is the primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus is the primary sensory cortex
What are gyri and sluci
Sluci are the infolding of the brain that separate the gyri
Gyri are found on either side of the sulci and are the ridges of brain tissue
What separates the frontal lobe form the temporal lobe
The lateral fissure
What separates the occipital and the parietal lobes
The parieto occipital sulcus
What separates the occipital and temporal lobes
The pre-occipital notch
What structures form the brainstem?
The mid brain pons and medulla
What structures from the hindbrain
pons medulla and the cerebellum
What is the role of the cerebellum?
Fine motor coordination and control as well as muscle memory e.g the riding a bike
there are folds however no gyri and sluci they are called pleats instead
What are the meninges from inside out?
Pia matter
arachnoid matter
dura matter
PAD
What are the layers of the Dura?
What is its function?
Dura two layers:
outer endosteal or periosteal layer layer adheres tightly to inner plates of the skull found only in the cranium
inner meningeal layer (adheres tightly to endosteal layer in cranium except where there are dural venous sinuses)
What is the role of the arachnoid matter?
layer of fibrocollagenous tissue
squamous cell layer adhered tightly to the dura matter
below this layer is a spongy layer of subarachnoid space filled with the CSF and the fibrous extensions called arachnoid trabeculae
contains blood vessels that supply brain
providing cushioning and buoyancy
Also have arachnoid villi that extend into the dural venus sinuses that allow resorption of CSF into the blood
What is the role fo the pia?
tightly adheres to the surface of the brain
extends down into the sluci and over the gyri of the brain
has no blood supply itself
How is the blood brain barrier formed what is its role?
Endothelium of capillaries supplying the brain have tight occluding junctions between cells
perivascular feet from astrocytic processes ensheath capillaries further providing a barrier to the passage of solutes
pericytes are also embedead within the endothelim basement membrane that further regulate permeability
Function is to restrict the passage fo pathogens solutes in the plasma into the brain unregulated but allows the passage of small soluble molecules such as O2 and CO2 via diffusion. Some large hydrophilic molecules such as glucose as well as amino acids are selectively actively transported into the brain
What are dural folds?
folds are created where the meningeal dural detaches front the periosteal dura down and then reflects back on itself fusing with the periosteal dura again forming a fold
the are venous sinuses present where the meingeal dura detaches and the rejoins
What is the name of the dural fold that reflects done the sagittal fissure of the brain? What is its role?
Falix cerebri. Restricts lateral movement of the brain
What is the name of the dural fold that reflects between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum? what is its role?
Tentorium cerebelli. Restricts superior inferior movement of the brain
What is the name of the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres? What is its role?
Falix ceribelli reduces lateral movement of the cerebellum
