CNS basic anatomy and meninges

Question 1

What bones form the neruocranum

Answer 1

Frontal bone
2 paritetal bones
occipital bone
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone
2 temporal bones

Question 2

What is the name of the suture between the frontal bone and the 2 parietal bones

Answer 2

the coronal suture

Question 3

What is the name of the suture between the two parietal bones

Answer 3

sagittal suture

Question 4

What is the name of the suture between the parietal bones and the occipital bones

Answer 4

Lambdoid suture

Question 5

What bones form the viscerocranium? (14)

Answer 5

2 zygomatic bones
2 lacrimal bones
2 nasal bones
2 inferior nasal conchae
2 palatine bones
2 maxillae 
vomer
mandible

Question 6

What is the tripartite brain

Answer 6

The prosencephalon the fore brain
the mesencephalon the mid brain
and the rhombencephalon the hind brain

Question 7

What is the pentapartite brain stage of development?

Answer 7

Prosencephalon divides into:
Telencephalon & Diencephalon

Mesencephalon remains undifferentiated

Rhombencephalon divides into:
metencephalon
myelencephalon

Question 8

What separates the right and left sides of the brain?

Answer 8

The longitudinal fissure

not completely bisected remain joined via the corpus callosum

Question 9

What is the role of the frontal lobes

Answer 9

Planning commanding voluntary movements decision making problem solving memory and motivation

Question 10

What is the role of the temporal lobes

Answer 10

Involved in processing of auditory information

Question 11

What is the role of the occipital lobes

Answer 11

involved in processing of visual information

Question 12

What is the role of the parietal lobes

Answer 12

sensory cortex and sensation of body surfaces and viscera as well as proprioception and language processing

Question 13

What are the other potential lobes of the brain?

Answer 13

Limbic lobes (deep to the parietal lobe) learning memory and motivation

Insular lobe (deep to the temporal lobe) visceral sensation and autonomic control

Question 14

What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Answer 14

The central sulcus
precentral gyrus is the primary motor cortex
postcentral gyrus is the primary sensory cortex

Question 15

What are gyri and sluci

Answer 15

Sluci are the infolding of the brain that separate the gyri

Gyri are found on either side of the sulci and are the ridges of brain tissue

Question 16

What separates the frontal lobe form the temporal lobe

Answer 16

The lateral fissure

Question 17

What separates the occipital and the parietal lobes

Answer 17

The parieto occipital sulcus

Question 18

What separates the occipital and temporal lobes

Answer 18

The pre-occipital notch

Question 19

What structures form the brainstem?

Answer 19

The mid brain pons and medulla

Question 20

What structures from the hindbrain

Answer 20

pons medulla and the cerebellum

Question 21

What is the role of the cerebellum?

Answer 21

Fine motor coordination and control as well as muscle memory e.g the riding a bike
there are folds however no gyri and sluci they are called pleats instead

Question 22

What are the meninges from inside out?

Answer 22

Pia matter
arachnoid matter
dura matter

PAD

Question 23

What are the layers of the Dura?

What is its function?

Answer 23

Dura two layers:

outer endosteal or periosteal layer layer adheres tightly to inner plates of the skull found only in the cranium

inner meningeal layer (adheres tightly to endosteal layer in cranium except where there are dural venous sinuses)

Question 24

What is the role of the arachnoid matter?

Answer 24

layer of fibrocollagenous tissue
squamous cell layer adhered tightly to the dura matter

below this layer is a spongy layer of subarachnoid space filled with the CSF and the fibrous extensions called arachnoid trabeculae
contains blood vessels that supply brain

providing cushioning and buoyancy

Also have arachnoid villi that extend into the dural venus sinuses that allow resorption of CSF into the blood

Question 25

What is the role fo the pia?

Answer 25

tightly adheres to the surface of the brain
extends down into the sluci and over the gyri of the brain
has no blood supply itself

Question 26

How is the blood brain barrier formed what is its role?

Answer 26

Endothelium of capillaries supplying the brain have tight occluding junctions between cells
perivascular feet from astrocytic processes ensheath capillaries further providing a barrier to the passage of solutes
pericytes are also embedead within the endothelim basement membrane that further regulate permeability

Function is to restrict the passage fo pathogens solutes in the plasma into the brain unregulated but allows the passage of small soluble molecules such as O2 and CO2 via diffusion. Some large hydrophilic molecules such as glucose as well as amino acids are selectively actively transported into the brain

Question 27

What are dural folds?

Answer 27

folds are created where the meningeal dural detaches front the periosteal dura down and then reflects back on itself fusing with the periosteal dura again forming a fold
the are venous sinuses present where the meingeal dura detaches and the rejoins

Question 28

What is the name of the dural fold that reflects done the sagittal fissure of the brain? What is its role?

Answer 28

Falix cerebri. Restricts lateral movement of the brain

Question 29

What is the name of the dural fold that reflects between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum? what is its role?

Answer 29

Tentorium cerebelli. Restricts superior inferior movement of the brain

Question 30

What is the name of the dural fold that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres? What is its role?

Answer 30

Falix ceribelli reduces lateral movement of the cerebellum