Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Afferent

Answer 1

(sensory) towards the brain
To the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Efferent

Answer 2

Away from the brain
From the brain to muscles, glands, and organs

Question 3

Unilateral

Answer 3

one side

Question 4

Bilateral

Answer 4

Both sides

Question 5

Flaccidity

Answer 5

Reduction or loss of normal muscle tone

Question 6

Spasticity

Answer 6

Involuntary, increased, velocity-dependent muscle tone

Question 7

Cranial Nerves

Answer 7

12 Pairs, Sensory and Motor, Contralateral and bilateral intervention

Question 8

1. Olfactory

Answer 8

smell

Question 9

2. Optic

Answer 9

vision

Question 10

3. oculomotor

Answer 10

eye movement

Question 11

4. trochlear

Answer 11

eye movement

Question 12

5. Trigeminal

Answer 12

facial sensation/ mastication

Question 13

6. Abducens

Answer 13

eye movement

Question 14

7. Facial

Answer 14

facial expression

Question 15

8. vestibulocochlear

Answer 15

auditory

Question 16

9. Glossopharyngeal

Answer 16

taste

Question 17

10.Vagus

Answer 17

voicing

Question 18

11.Accessory

Answer 18

neck/shoulder movement

Question 19

12. Hypoglossal

Answer 19

tongue movement

Question 20

Sensory

Answer 20

afferent fibers

Question 21

motor

Answer 21

efferent fibers

Question 22

Pyramidal tracts

Answer 22

originate in the cortex, carry motor fibers to the brainstem and spinal cord, voluntary control of muscles Direct Activation

Question 23

Extrapyramidal tracts

Answer 23

originate in the brainstem, carry motor fibers to the spinal cord, involuntary control of muscles

Question 24

Corticobulbar

Answer 24

cranial nerves (brainstem)

Question 25

Corticospinal

Answer 25

Spinal nerves (spinal cord)

Question 26

Typical

Answer 26

UMNs innervate brainstem motor nuclei on both sides

Question 27

Atypical

Answer 27

UMNs innervate brainstem motor nuclei on the contralateral side

Question 28

Upper motor neurons

Answer 28

originate in the cortex, and carry information to lower motor neurons

Question 29

Lower motor neurons

Answer 29

originate in the brainstem or spinal cord, carry information to voluntary muscles, and Innervate muscles on the same side (ipsilateral)

Question 30

V1 Ophthalmic

Answer 30

(Sensory) scalp, Forehead, eyes, nose

Question 31

V2 Maxillary

Answer 31

(Sensory) Cheek, Upper lip, Upper teeth/ gums, palate

Question 32

V3 Mandibular

Answer 32

(sensory) lower lip, lower teeth/gums, chin, and ear. (Motor) Tensor veil Palatine, tensor Tympani, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, muscles of mastication

Question 33

Muscles of mastication

Answer 33

Temporalis, masseter, Lateral pterygoids, medial pterygoids

Question 34

LMN lesion

Answer 34

Jaw deviates toward the affected side, ipsilateral hypesthesia/ anesthesia, Fasciculations of temporalis and masseter

Question 35

UMN lesion

Answer 35

none to very mild deficits for unilateral lesion, difficulty with mastication, hypesthesia, anesthesia for bilateral lesions

Question 36

Somatic motor

Answer 36

Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (except palatoglossus)

Question 37

Examination

Answer 37

general observation, Range of motion, strength, Speech