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ANATOMY 3 Final NERVES > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Cranial Nerves?

A 
I: OLFACTORIUS (some)
II: OPTICUS (say)
III: OCULOMOTORIUS (money)
IV: TROCHLEARIS (matters)
V: TRIGEMINUS (but)
VI: ABDUCENS (my)
VII: FACIAL (brother)
VIII: VESTIBULO COCHLEARIS (AUDITORIUS)
(Say)
IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS (big)
X: VAGUS (boobs)
XI: ACCESORIUS (matter)
XII: HYPOGLOSSUS (most)
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2
Q

Cranial Nerve I (Dog)

A 
OLFACTORIUS 
- Sensory nerve
- afferent Visceral special
- exit from neurocranium: 
LAMINA CRIBROSA 
- Function: OLFACTION
- Brain attachment: FOREBRAIN
- Innervation: Afferent
- Clinical testing: observation, odourant Such as food
- Dysfunction: DYSOMIA
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3
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A 
OPTIC NERVE
- Sensory
- Afferent, SOMaTIC + Proprioceptive special 
- fuction: Vision
- Brain attachment: 
FOREBRAIN (DIENCEPHALOn)
  • Exit from neurocranium: OPTIC FORAMEN
  • Innervation: AFFERENT
- Clinical testing: 
VISION:
Maze test, visual tracking
Menace response (IIa & VIIe)
Pupillary light reflex (IIa & IIIe)(parasymphathetic)

PUPIL SIZE:
Pupillary light reflex
Pharmacological testing

- Dysfunction: 
VISION:
Blindness, 
Dilated pupils (although this can be due to 
CN III Dysfunction) 
PUPIL Size:
Anisocoria
Mydrasis
 (reduce CN II or parasymph Innervation)
(NOTE, Cerebellar lesions and primary opthalmic lesions can also affect pupil size)
MIOSIS (reduce sympathetic Innervation)
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4
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

OCCULOMOTOR NERVE
- Motor
- EFFERENT motor, SOMaTIC striated sk. GENERAL
FUNCTION:
EFFERENT
- Pupillary light reflex (parasymph)
- Extraoccullar muscles - ventral, medial, dorsal rectus; ventral oblique mm.

  • Brain attachment: Brainstem (Midbrain)
  • Exit from neurocranium: Orbital fissure

Functions - INNErVatION
PUPIL SIZE - IIIe & IIa
EYEBALL POSITION - IIIe + VIIIa + IVe +VIe

Clinical testing:
PUPIL SIZE: Pupillary light reflex & pharmacological testing
EYEBALL POSITION:
Visual tracking of moving objects
Eyeball position in different head positions
VESTIBULO-OCULAR reflex IIIe+VIIIa+IVe+ VIe

Dysfunction:
PUPIL SIZE
Anisocoria
Mydriasis
Miosis

EYEBALL position
Strabismus
- Static (LMN)
- Dynamic (vestibular)

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5
Q

Nuclei of N.Oculomotorius (III)

A
  1. Nucl Parasympatheticus n. OCULOMOTORII

2. Nucleus Motorius N. OCULOMOTORII

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6
Q

What are the Motor Cranial Nerves

A
  1. N. OCCULOMOTORIUS (III)
  2. N. TROCHLEARIS (IV)
  3. N.ABDUCENS (VI)
  4. N. ACESSORIUS (XI)
  5. N. HYPOGLOSSUS
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7
Q

What are the Motor Cranial Nerves?

1. N.OCCULOMOTORIUS (III)

A

NUCLEI in midbrain
- Tegmentum Mesencephali

(Edinger Westphal)
1. Nucl parasympatheticus
- N.occulomotorii
=Nucleus accessorius
- visceral efferent neurons

2 Nucleus motorius N.Occulomotoricus
- somatic efferent fibers

EXIT the Brainstem by ventral aspect of pedunculi cerebrii

EXIT THE SKULL thorough Sulcus N.Opthalmici

  • Foramen rotundum/ fissura orbitales
  • Foramen Orbitorotundum (Ru)

RUNS WITH:
IV, VI, V1

INNERVATION:

Dorsal Branch:
M. Rectus Dorsalis
M. Retractor Bulbi (pars med)
M. Levator palpebrae superioris
= ELEVATION of upper eyelid
Ventral Branch:
M. EXTRAOCCULAR muscles
M. Rectus medialis et Ventralis
M. Obliquus Ventralis 
PARASYMPH
- Ggl CILIARE —> M. Ciliacus + Spichter Pupillae
= CONSTRICTION of Pupils

In case of LESiONs:
(Atropin)
- Dropping of upper eyelid // M. Nucleus Strabismus Devergens
- Loss in Pupillary light reflex// ParaS. Nucleus

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8
Q

What are the Motor Cranial Nerves?

N.TROCHLEARIS (IV)

A
  • Nucleus in
    TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI
    3. Nucl. Motorius N. Trochlearis

EXITS Brainstem:
- DORSAL aspect of the brainstem
—> Colliculus caudalis —> Pedunculus Cerebri —> Sulcus N. Opthalmici

EXITS skull:
Foramen ROTUNDUM / Fissura Orbitalis
Eq: FORAMEN TROCHLEARE

INNERVATION of:
M.Obliquus dorsalis (Trochlearis) of eye

IN CASE of LESIONS:
Strabisimus with outwards rotation of DORSAL aspect of the eye.

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9
Q

What are the Motor Cranial Nerves?

N. ABDUCENS

A

Nuclei —> Rostral MO
8. Nucleus Motorius n. Abducens

Fossa RHOMBOIDEA —> Corpus Trapezoideum —> Sulcus N. opthalmici

EXITS SKULL:
—> Through FORAMEN ROTUNDUM/ FISSUA ORBITALIS 
With:
N. MAXILLARE
N. OCULOMOTORIUS
N. TROCHLEARIS

INNERVATION of

  • Lateral Rectus bulbi Muscle
  • Retractor Bulbi Muscle

In case of LESION:
Strabissimus convergens
Failure to retract globe When eyelid closure

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10
Q

EYEBALL position and movement

A

CN III, IV, VI

  1. Trochlea with tendon of the DORSAL OBLIQUE M. (IV)
  2. VENTRAL OBLIQUE M. (III)
  3. VENTRAL STRAIGHT M. (III)
  4. DORSAL STRAIGHT M. (III)
  5. DORSAL OBLIQUE M (IV)
  6. REtRACTor M. Of the EYEBALL (III + VI)
  7. LATERAL STRAIGHT M. (VI)
  8. Optic n.
  9. orbital fissure

CN III, IV & VI DYSFUNCTION

  • Ventrolat Strabisimus
  • EXTORSIAL strabisimus
  • Medial Strabisimus
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11
Q

What are the Motor Cranial Nerves?

N. ASSCESSORIUS

A

Nuclei:
RADIX Cranialis —> vagus n.
19. Nucleus Ambugures ? (Caud)

C5-C7:
Radices Opinalis —> From for. Magnum to fossa ATLANTIS by Foramen Jugular

  1. Nucleus motorius radialis cran n. ACCESORIUS
  2. Nucleus motorius radicis caudalis n. ACCESSORIUS

EXITS The skull:
EQ: For. Lacerum aborale
For. jugulare

INNERVaTIoN of:
R.Dorsalis
—> M. Cleidocephallicus
—> M. Trapezius
—> M. Omotransversarius
R. Ventralis 
—> M. Sternocephallicus
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12
Q

What are the Motor Cranial Nerves?

N.Hypoglossus(XII)

A

Nucleus: Caudal MO
23. Nucleus Motorius N. hypoglossi

EXITS SKULL:
CANALIs N. Hypoglossi

INNERVATION:

  • R. Pharyngeus
  • R. Lingualis superficialis
  • R. Lingualis profundus
  • INTRINSIC and EXTRINSIC muscles of the Tongue!
  • THYROHYOIDEUS
  • CELIOHYOIDEUS
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13
Q

CRANIAL NERVE VII

A

FACIAL NERVE
= Innervation of muscles of FACIAL Expression
MOTOR and SENSORY

NUCLEI *5

  1. Nucl. motorius N. Facialis (SM)
    - Tuberculum Fasciale Venrale
  2. Nucleus ParaS n. Int et facialis
    = Nucleus Salvatorius Rostralis
    - n. Canalis pterygoidei, Ggl Pterygopalatina
    - Chordates Tympani, Ggl mandibulare
  3. GGl. GENICULI
    - Meatus accusticus int —> Canalis n.facialis —> Foramen Stylomastoideum
  4. Nucleus Tractus Spinalis N. Trigemini
  5. Nucleus Tractus solitarii rostralis —> SPECIAL Sensory

Rn EXTRACRANIALIS *5
1. N. Auricularis Interna

  1. N. Auricularis caudalis
    - plexus auricularis caudalis
  2. R. DIGASTRICUS
  3. N.Auriculotemporalis
    A. R. Temporalis = R.auricularis rostralis
    B. R.zygomaticus
  4. Plexus PAROTIDEUS
  5. R.buccalis dorsalis et Ventralis

Rn INTRACRANIALIS *3

  1. Petrosus Major —> Ggl Pterygopalatinum
  2. N.stapedius
  3. Chords Tympani
    - Fissura PETROTYMPANICA
    - Ggl mandibulare

NUCLEI

  1. Nuclei mot.n.facialis SM
  2. Nuclei ParaS n. Facial (parasympathetic)
  3. Ggl.Geniculi, S Paras
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14
Q

CRANIAL N IX

A

N.GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS
Motor and Sensory

Mot:Stylopharyngeus, M.Palatinus
Sens: Middle ear, caud 1/3 of Tongue, pharynx
Part of the vagus group

Nuclei from vagus group compressed
= VOMITING, Dizziness

NUCLEI:
1. Nucl. ParaS. N. Glossopharyngei
= Nucl. Salvatorius caudalis
2. Nucleus Ambigerus Rostri (Caud—>X)
3. Nucleus Tractus Solitarii med
4. Nucleus Tractus Spinalis n. Trigemini caudalis
  1. N.Tympanicus (Jacobsen)
    - N.petrosus Minor
  2. R. SINUS carotica (Hering)
  3. R. Pharyngeus
  4. Rr. Lingualis
  5. R. M. stylohyoideus caud
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15
Q

CRANIAL N IX

A

N.GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS
Motor and Sensory

Mot:Stylopharyngeus, M.Palatinus
Sens: Middle ear, caud 1/3 of Tongue, pharynx
Part of the vagus group

Nuclei from vagus group compressed
= VOMITING, Dizziness

NUCLEI:
1. Nucl. ParaS. N. Glossopharyngei
= Nucl. Salvatorius caudalis
2. Nucleus Ambigerus Rostri (Caud—>X)
3. Nucleus Tractus Solitarii med
4. Nucleus Tractus Spinalis n. Trigemini caudalis
  1. N.Tympanicus (Jacobsen)
    - N.petrosus Minor
  2. R. SINUS carotica (Hering)
  3. R. Pharyngeus
  4. Rr. Lingualis
  5. R. M. stylohyoideus caud
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16
Q

Cranial N X

A

VAGUS N (X)

Nucleus:

  1. Nucl ParaS. N.vagi
  2. Nucl Ambiguus (caud)
  3. Nucl. Tractus Solitarii
  4. Nucl. Tractus Spinalis n.Trigemini
EXTRACRANIAL
1. R.Auricularis
2. R.n Pharyngei
—> Plexus Pharyngeus 
3. N. Laryngeus cranialis
- r. Internus
- r. Externus
4. N.depressor —> to heart
 (decrease frequency)
THORACIC
5. N.laryngeus reccurens
- N.laryngeus caud
—> Right: Around costocervical trunk
—> Left: Around aorta

ABDOMINAL
6. R.dorsalis et Ventralis n. X
2*2 —> Truncus vagalis dors et Ventralis

17
Q

Cranial N. X

Picture

A

Vagus N

  1. Ggl. Cervicale craniale
  2. Ggl. Cervicale medium
  3. Ggl Cervicothoracicum Stellatum
  4. Ansa Subclavia
  5. Ggl Celiacum
  6. Ggl. Mesenterica cranialis
    = Plexus Solearis —> offen fused
  7. Ggl. Mesenterica caudalis

A. N. laryngeus recurens
—> Back to larynx
B/C R. Dorsalis et Ventralis n. X

18
Q

Continuation of Vagus

A

HEAD
1. Nucleus ParaS 2. N. Vagi
A. Ggl. Distale

NECK 
A.
- N. Laryngeus cranialis
—> Larynx
R. Ext 
R. Int
B.
Atlas 
Vagosymph.trunk
-> dorslat to a.carotis communis
Ggl. Cervicale medii
THORAX
A.
N. Laryngeus caud
—> trachea
—> oesophagus
N.laryngeus recurrens 
B. 
Ventral to Subclavia 
—> plexus of heart 
Turns :
L: around aortic arch
R: around a.subclavia dextra

Turns into DORSAL and Ventral branch
Ventral —> Lung + Stomach

DIAPHRAGMA
DORSAL —> Lung + stomach + liver + pancreas + Kidney + interstines + rectum + testis

SACRUM
Pelvic Nerves—> Rectum + bladder + penis + testis

ANATOMY 3 Final NERVES (7 decks)

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