cranial nerves Flashcards
how many cranial nerves are there?
12 paired nerves
arise direct from brain
how are the cranial nerves numbered?
location on brain stem
- superior to inferior, then medial to lateral (first 2 are from the cerebrum the rest are specific part of brainstem or junction between 2 parts)
order of exit from cranium
- anterior to posterior
what are the 2 modality types for cranial nerves?
each can be classed as sensory, motor or both
how many types of information can cranial nerves transmit?
7 types
- 4 sensory
- 3 motor
what are the 4 sensory modalities for cranial nerves?
General Somatic Sensory
General Visceral Sensory
Special Somatic Sensory ***
Special Visceral Sensory ***
general somatic sensory
general sensation from the skin
general visceral sensory
general sensation from viscera
special somatic sensory
senses derived from ectoderm
e.g. sight, sound, balance
unique to CN
special visceral sensory
senses derived from endoderm
e.g. taste, smell
unique to CN
what are the 3 motor modalities of the CNS?
General Somatic Motor
General Visceral Motor
Special Visceral Motor ***
general somatic motor
skeletal muscles
general visceral motor
smooth muscles of gut and autonomic motor
special visceral motor
muscles derived from pharyngeal arches
what are the 2 cranial nerves that pass through canals?
CN2 Optioc
CN12 Hypoglossal
only 2 so the ones with 2 in them pass through the canals
CN1
olfactory
originate from cerebrum
exits cribriform plate
special visceral sensory
- smell
CN2
optic
originate from cerebrum
exits optical canal
special somatic sensory
- vision
CN3
occulomotor
originate from midbrain-pontine junction
exits superior orbital fissure
General Somatic Motor
- extrinsic eye muscles and elevator palpebral superior’s
Genera; Visceral Motor
- pupillary sphincter
CN4
trochlear
originate from posterior side of midbrain
exits superior orbital fissure
General Somatic Motor
- superior oblique eye muscle
*longest intracranial length
CN5
trigeminal - 3 branches
Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
CNV1
ophthalmic division of trigeminal
originate from Pons
exits the superior orbital fissure
General Somatic Sensory
- scalp, forehead and nose
CNV2
maxillary division of trigeminal
originate from Pons
exits the foramen rotunda
General Somatic Sensory
- cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip and upper teeth and palate
CNV3
mandibular division of trigeminal
originate from Pons
exits foramen ovale
General Somatic Sensory
- anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth
Somatic Visceral Motor
- muscles of masitcation
CN6
abducens
originate from pontoon-medulla junction
exits the superior orbital fissure
General Somatic Motor
- lateral rectus eye muscle
CN7
facial
originate from pontoon-medulla junction
exits the internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid fovea
General Somatic Sensory
- sensation to external ear
Special Visceral Sensory
- taste anterior 2/3 of tongue, hard and soft palate
General Somatic Motor
- muscles of facial expression
General Visceral Motor
- lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and mucous glands of mouth and nose
CN8
vestibulocochlear
originate from pontoon-medulla junction
exits the internal acoustic meatus
Special Somatic Sensory
- hearing and balance
CN9
glossopharyngeal
originate from medulla oblongata
exits the jugular foramen
General Somatic Sensory
- posterior 1/3 of tongue, exterior ear and middle ear cavity
General Visceral Somatic
- carotid body and sinus
Special Visceral Sensory
- taste from posterior 1/3/ of tongue
General Visceral Motor
- parotid gland
Special Visceral Motor
- stylopharyngeus
CN10
vagus
originate from medulla oblongata
exits the jugular foramen
General Somatic Sensory
- exterior ear, larynx and pharynx
General Visceral Sensory
- larynx, pharynx and thoracic and abdominal viscera
Special Visceral Sensory
- taste from epiglottis region of tongue
General Visceral Motor
- smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx and most of GIT
Special Visceral Motor
- most muscles of pharynx and larynx
CN11
spinal accessory
originate from medulla oblongata
exits the jugular foramen
General Somatic Motor
- trapezius and sternocleidomastois
Special Visceral Motos
- few fibres run with CNX to viscera
CN12
hypoglossal
originate from medulla oblongata
exits hypoglossal canal
General Somatic Motor
- intrinsic and extrinsic tongue (except palatoglossus)
way to remember CN order
O O O To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah H
way to remember function type
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