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Neurology- Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are all the special sensory cranial nerves?

A

CNI, CNII, CNVII, CNVIII, CNIX

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2
Q

What modalities does CNI contain?

A

Special sensory

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3
Q

What modalities does CNII contain?

A

Special sensory

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4
Q

What modalities does CNIII contain?

A

Motor and parasympathetics

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5
Q

What modalities does CNIV contain?

A

Motor

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6
Q

What modalities does CNV contain?

A

Sensory in all branches, motor in CNV3

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7
Q

What modalities does CNVI contain?

A

Motor

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8
Q

What modalities does CNVII contain?

A

Motor, special sensory and parasympathetics

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9
Q

What modalities does CNVIII contain?

A

Special sensory

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10
Q

What modalities does CNIX contain?

A

Sensory, special sensory, motor and parasympathetics

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11
Q

What modalities does CNX contain?

A

Sensory, motor, parasympathetics

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12
Q

What modalities does CNXII contain?

A

Motor

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13
Q

Which of the cranial nerves connect with the CNS at the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor and trochlear

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14
Q

Which of the cranial nerves connect with the CNS at the pons?

A

Trigeminal

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15
Q

Which of the cranial nerves connect with the CNS at the ponto-medullary junction?

A

Abducens, facial and vestibulocochlear

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16
Q

Which of the cranial nerves connect with the CNS at the spinal cord?

A

Spinal accessory

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17
Q

What defines the ‘intracranial’ part of a cranial nerve course?

A

Between their point of connection with the CNS and their base of skull foramina

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18
Q

What cranial cavity does CNI pass through? In which cranial fossa is this?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone - anterior cranial fossa

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19
Q

Where do the olfactory nerves synapse? They then travel through where to reach their cortical areas?

A

Olfactory bulb / olfactory tract

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20
Q

Intracranially, CNII travels around the pituitary stalk to what structure? It then forms what structure?

A

The optic chiasm / the optic tract

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21
Q

Where does the optic nerve connect with the CNS?

A

At the diencephalon

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22
Q

How would you test the olfactory nerve?

A

Ask the patient to smell a familiar smell while covering the other nostril

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23
Q

How would you test the optic nerve?

A

Visual acuity, colour vision, visual fields, fundoscopy, pupillary light reflexes

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24
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of CNIII? What muscle is this via?

A

Pupillary constriction via sphincter pupillae

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25
Q

Which base of skull foramina does the oculomotor nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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26
Q

How can you test the parasympathetic function of CNIII?

A

Pupillary light reflexes for pupillary constriction

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27
Q

What is the motor function of the trochlear nerve?

A

Eye movement - superior oblique muscle

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28
Q

Which cranial nerves travel along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

Oculomotor and trochlear nerves

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29
Q

Which cranial nerve travels within the cavernous sinus?

A

Abducens nerve

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30
Q

What is the motor function of the abducens nerve?

A

Eye movement via the lateral rectus muscle

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31
Q

How would the oculomotor, trochlear and abducens nerve all be tested for?

A

The H test to assess eye movements

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32
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for what?

A

Hearing and balance

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33
Q

Which base of skull foramina does the vestibulocochlear nerve pass through? Which cranial fossa is this in?

A

Internal acoustic meatus - posterior cranial fossa

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34
Q

How is the vestibulocohlear nerve tested for?

A

Rhinne and Weber’s tests

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35
Q

The spinal accessory nerve ascends through which base of skull foramina? And then travels towards which base of skull foramina?

A

Foramen magnum / jugular foramen

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36
Q

How is the spinal accessory nerve tested?

A

Ask patients to shrug their shoulders and turn their head against resistance

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37
Q

What is the motor function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor function to the muscles of the tongue

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38
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve connect with the CNS in relation to the pyramids of the medulla?

A

Laterally

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39
Q

Describe the extracranial part of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Descends lateral to the carotid sheath and then turns anteriorly at the level of the hyoid bone towards the lateral aspect of the tongue

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40
Q

The hypoglossal nerve innervates all muscles ending in glossus except which one?

A

Palatoglossus

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41
Q

If there is unilateral hypoglossal nerve pathology, what direction will the tongue face when asked to stick it out straight?

A

Towards the side of the injured nerve

42
Q

Which base of skull foramina does CNV1 pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

43
Q

Which base of skull foramina does CNV3 pass through?

A

Foramen ovale

44
Q

What is the motor function of CNV3?

A

The muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

45
Q

What is the one pair of jaw opening muscles supplied by the trigeminal nerve?

A

Lateral pterygoid

46
Q

Which aspect of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for the afferent part of the corneal reflex?

A

CNV1

47
Q

Which base of skull foramina does the facial nerve pass a) IN b) OUT?

A

a) Internal acoustic meatus b) stylomastoid foramen

48
Q

What is the motor function of the facial nerve?

A

Muscles of facial expression

49
Q

The chorda tympani is a branch of which cranial nerve?

A

Facial nerve

50
Q

What is the function of the chorda tympani?

A

Taste supply to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue AND parasympathetics to the submandibular and sublingual glands

51
Q

What supplies the stapedius muscle in the inner ear?

A

Facial nerve

52
Q

What is the function of the tensor tympani muscle?

A

Reduces the noise produced by chewing

53
Q

What two nerves combine to form the lingual nerve?

A

Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve and CNV3

54
Q

How can the motor function of CNVII be tested?

A

Ask patient to close eyes tightly, raise eyebrows, smile, puff out cheeks, whistle

55
Q

What nerve supplies taste sensation to a) the anterior 2/3rds of tongue? b) the posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A

a) Facial nerve b) Glossopharyngeal nerve

56
Q

Which base of skull foramina does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

57
Q

From which structures does the glossopharyngeal nerve ascend towards the jugular foramen?

A

The pharyngeal mucosa, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3rd of tongue

58
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste sensation to the vallate papillae of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

59
Q

What is the only motor function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

60
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve send visceral afferents to?

A

The carotid sinus baroreceptors and carotid body chemoreceptors

61
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for referred pain between the pharynx and the ear?

A

Glossopharyngeal

62
Q

The axons of the vagus nerve supply lots of structures between where?

A

The palate and the midgut

63
Q

The vagus nerve runs inferiorly to the thorax and then does what?

A

Gives off the recurrent laryngeal nerve to turn back superiorly to the muscles of the larynx

64
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under where?

A

The right subclavian artery

65
Q

The vagus nerve passes through the diaphragm with what structure? At what spinal level?

A

Oesophagus - T10

66
Q

The vagus nerves very last parasympathetic axons pass to where?

A

The splenic flexure of the colon

67
Q

What nerve forms the efferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

Vagus nerve

68
Q

When testing the vagus nerve you should ask the patient to say ahh - what will happen to the uvula if there is unilateral vagus nerve pathology?

A

The uvula will move away from the affected side

69
Q

Apart from saying ahh and observing the uvula, what are some other ways of testing the vagus nerve?

A

Ask patient to swallow, and listen to their speech for hoarseness

70
Q

What modalities does CNXI contain?

A

Motor

71
Q

Which of the cranial nerves connect with the CNS at the medulla?

A

Glossopharyngeal, vagus and hypoglossal

72
Q

Which base of skull foramina does CNII pass through? In which cranial fossa is this?

A

Optic canal in the middle cranial fossa

73
Q

What is the motor function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Eye movements (superior and inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique) and levator palpebrae superioris

74
Q

Where do the parasympathetics of the oculomotor nerve synapse?

A

The ciliary ganglion

75
Q

What base of skull foramina does the trochlear nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

76
Q

What base of skull foramina does the abducens nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

77
Q

What muscles are supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

78
Q

Which base of skull foramina does the hypoglossal nerve pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

79
Q

What nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Vagus nerve

80
Q

Which base of skull foramina does CNV2 pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

81
Q

What are the 3 pairs of jaw closing muscles supplied by CNV3?

A

Masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoids

82
Q

The facial nerve spends most of its time within what bone of the skull?

A

Temporal bone

83
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression which are supplied by the facial nerve?

A

Orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, frontalis and elevators of lips

84
Q

From the jugular foramen, the glossopharyngeal nerve sends motor/parasympathetic axons to where?

A

The stylopharyngeus muscle and the parotid gland

85
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Parotid gland (secretory)

86
Q

Which cranial nerve is responsible for forming the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

Glossopharyngeal

87
Q

What base of skull foramina does the vagus nerve run through?

A

The jugular foramen

88
Q

Which cranial nerve runs within the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus

89
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under where?

A

The arch of the aorta

90
Q

The majority of cranial nerves exit their base of skull foramina anteriorly - what are the exceptions to this?

A

Trochlear exits posteriorly and vestibulocochlear exits laterally

91
Q

The soma of sensory nerve cells within cranial nerves will be found where?

A

In ganglia outside the CNS

92
Q

Nuclei for the motor cranial nerves are found near where?

A

The midline of the brainstem

93
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor and trochlear

94
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the pons?

A

Trigeminal and abducens

95
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei are in the medulla?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, spinal accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve

96
Q

Which cranial nerve nuclei is located on the border of the pons and medulla?

A

Facial nerve

97
Q

What is the solitary nucleus responsible for?

A

Taste and visceral sensory information

98
Q

What are the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei responsible for?

A

Parasympathetics to salivary glands

99
Q

What is the nucleus ambiguus responsible for?

A

Motor supply to the muscles of the pharynx, larynx and upper oesophagus

100
Q

What spinal cord tract is responsible for the motor input to cranial nerves?

A

Corticobulbar tract

Neurology- Anatomy (11 decks)

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