Cranial Nerves Flashcards
List all 12 cranial nerves
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
Which cranial nerves supply somatic motor functions only?
Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
List the cranial nerves which only provide sensory innervation?
Olfactory
Optic
Vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerves supply both sensory and motor innervation?
Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Where does cranial nerve one originate?
Olfactory mucosa in upper nasal cavity
how does the olfactory nerve pass through the ethmoid bone?
Through the cribriform plate via the olfactory tract
Where does cranial nerve 1 synapse?
Mitral cells synapse at olfactory glomerulus
What is significant about cranial nerves 1 and 2?
They directly attach to the forebrain, whereas the rest of the cranial nerves attach to the brainstem
Where does cranial nerve 2 connect?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Pretectal nucleus
What nerve innervates the retina?
CN2
Optic nerve
Where is the lateral geniculate nucleus found?
The (dorsal) thalamus
What reflex is cranial nerve 2 responsible for?
Afferent Pupillary light reflex
Where is the oculomotor nucleus located?
The superior colliculus of the midbrain
What is contained in the oculomotor nucleus?
The cell bodies for the motor aspect of the oculomotor nerve
Where are the cell bodies for the oculomotor preganglionic parasympathetic neurones?
Edinger-Westphal Nucleus
What vessels does the oculomotor nerve pass between?
The posterior and superior cerebral arteries
What does the parasympathetic aspect of CNIII innervate?
Sphincter pupillae
Ciliary muscle
What muscles does CNIII innervate
Levator palpebrae Superior Rectus Medial Rectus Inferior rectus Inferior oblique
Which cranial nerve is the only one to exit posteriorly?
Cranial Nerve 4
Trochlear
What muscle does CNIV supply?
Superior Oblique
Cranial nerve IV crosses where?
The midline of the brain
Where is the sensory nucleus of cranial nerve V?
Forms a column stretching from the midbrain to the upper 2 segments of the cervical cord
What nucleus is responsible for the proprioception of the muscles of mastication?
Mescencephalic nucleus
What is the role of the spinal nucleus of CNV
Sensory to pain and temperature
What nucleus of CNV is responsible for discriminitive touch and vibration?
Pontine Trigeminal Nucleus
What is the function of the sensory branch of CNV?
Somatosensation of the face, vibration sense, pain, temperature and discriminitive touch
What muscles does CNV provide motor control to?
Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid Tensor Tympani Tensor Veli Palatini Anterior belly of the digastric
CNV is responsible for motor control, somatosensory control and ______?
Proprioception
i.e. chewing
Cranial Nerve VI supplies which muscle?
Lateral Rectus
Where does cranial nerve VI originate from?
Abducens nucleus in the caudal pons
Where does CNVII originate from?
The junction between the pons and medulla
What muscles does CNVII provide motor innervation to?
Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius
Where does CNVII provide parasympathetic innervation?
Submandibular ganglia
Pterygopalantine
What are the three nuclei of CNVII?
Facial motor
Solitary
Salivatory
How does the CNVII allow for taste?
Sensory supply via the chorda tympani to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Where does CNIX originate?
The brainstem on the sides of the upper medulla
What muscle does CNIX supply?
Stylopharyngeus
What are the 4 nuclei of CNIX?
Solitary
Spinal trigeminal
nucleus ambiguous
Inferior salivatory
Where does CNIX innervate with sensory supply?
Posterior 1/3rd of tongue
Pharyngotympanic tube
Upper pharynx
Where do the parasympathetic fibers of CNIX go to?
The parotid ganglion a.k.a otic ganglion
Where does cranial nerve X originate?
The medulla
What structures have motor supply from CNX?
Striated muscle of the pharynx and larynx
Where does CNX supply for taste?
The epiglottis
What areas does CNX supply for tactile sense, pain and temperature?
Pharynx Larynx Trachea Oesophagus Thoracic and Abdo viscera
Where does cranial nerve XI originate?
The nuclei originates from the cervical spinal cord ventral horns, between C1-C5
What muscles does CNXI innervate?
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Where does CNXII originate?
The origin nucleus is in the dorsal medulla of the brainstem
It emerges close to the midline
What muscles does CNXII innervate?
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Intrinsic tongue muscles
