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Anatomy Head and Neck > Cranial Nerves 7-12 > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves 7-12 Flashcards

1
Q

What fibers does the facial nerve consist of?

A

The facial nerve consists of sensory, motor and parasympathetic fibers. More precisely:

SVA (Sensory)

GVA (Sensory)

GSA (Sensory)

SVE (Motor) G

VE (Parasympathetic)

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2
Q

What structures do the sensory fibers of the facial nerve innervate?

A

The sensory fibers of the facial nerve innervate the:

  • Taste fibers for anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
  • Palate and nasal mucosa.
  • Eternal acoustic meatus and the auricle.
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3
Q

What does the motor fibers of the facial nerve innervate?

A

The motor fibers of the facial nerve innervate the:

  • Muscles of facial expression
  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • Stylohyoid
  • Stapedius
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4
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve supply?

A

The parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve supplies the:

  • Lacrimal gland (Produce tears)
  • Submandibular gland (Produce a mixture of serous fluid and mucus that enters the oral cavity via the submandibular duct or Wharton duct).
  • Sublingual gland (Produce saliva that lubricates food)
  • Nasal gland (produce mucosa that traps bacteria etc.)
  • Palatine gland (produce mucus)
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5
Q

Where does the facial nerve originate and what is its pathway?

A

The facial nerve starts in the cerebellopontine angle of the pons, enters the internal acoustic meatus and exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen.

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6
Q

What reflex does the facial nerve mediate?

A

The facial nerve mediates the efferent limb of the corneal reflex.

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7
Q

What might the loss of the corneal reflex lead to?

A

Loss of the corneal reflex might lead to corneal ulcuration (open sore of the cornea).

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8
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

Bells Palsy is an ipsilateral paralysis of facial muscles. Half of the face appears to drop.

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9
Q

Due to damage to of the facial nerve, what can the symptoms be?

A
  1. Loss of facial expression
  2. Loss of taste in anterior 2/3 of the tongue and problems with salvation
  3. Paralysis of the stapedius muscle = Hyperacusis (oversensitive to sounds)
  4. Problems with lacrimation (secretion of tears)
  5. Accompanied by problems with hearing and balance - deafness and dizziness.
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10
Q

What ganglion houses all facial sensory cell bodies?

A

Geniculate ganglion.

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11
Q

What branch of the facial nerve mediates the lacrimal and nasal glands, as well as taste from the palate?

A

The greater petrosal nerve had parasympathetic fibers that mediate the nasal and lacrimal glands. It is also associated with taste from the palate. It mediates in the pterygopalatine ganglion.

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12
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve supplies the stapedius?

A

The stapedius is supplied by the stapedial nerve.

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13
Q

Which structures do the Chorda Tympani (branch of the facial nerve) mediate?

A

The Chorda tympani:

  • Has SVA fiber to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
  • Has parasympathetic GVE fibers to the submandibular and sublingual gland.
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14
Q

What are the 5 motor branches of the facial nerve that innervates facial expression muscles called?

A

The five branches of facial expression is:

  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical
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15
Q

What three branches, branches of the facial nerve before passing through the stylomastoid foramen?

A
  • Greater petrosal nerve.
  • Stapedial Nerve
  • Chorda tympani.
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16
Q

Describe the pathways and branches of the facial nerve

A
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17
Q

Why can the facial nerve get damaged due to damage or tumor to the parotid gland even though the facial nerve does not innervate it?

A

The facial nerve does not innervate the parotid gland but it goes through it. Hence, damage to the parotid gland can damage the facial nerve.

18
Q

What other nerve does the greater petrosal nerve meet in the pterygoid canal?

A

The greater petrosal nerve (of the facial nerve) with preganglionic parasympathetic fibers meets the deep petrosal nerve (branch of the maxillary nerve) with postganglionic sympathetic fibers int the pterygoid canal.

19
Q

Which three glands does the nerve of the pterygoid canal (deep and greater petrosal nerve) mediate?

A

The Lacrimal gland

The nasal glands

The palatine salivary glands

20
Q

Which nerve surrounds the internal carotid artery and is a part off the internal carotid plexus?

A

The deep petrosal nerve.

21
Q

What fibers does the vestibulocochlear nerve consist of?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve consists of sensory SSA fibers.

22
Q

What is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve exits the brainstem via the cerebellopontine angle (same as facial nerve), goes through the internal acoustic meatus and innervates sensory cells of the inner ear.

23
Q

What two branches are of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

The vestibulocochlear nerve has two branches:

  • The cochlear branch that innervates the cochlea (hearing)
  • The vestibular branch that innervates the vestibule (balance)
24
Q

What fibers are the glossopharyngeal nerve made up of?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve is made up of:

  • SVA (Taste 1/3 posterior part of the tongue and the pharyngeal wall)
  • GVA (Sensation 1/3 posterior part of the tongue and pharyngeal wall + tympanic cavity and auditory tube + carotid sinus + palatine tonsil and soft palate)
  • GSA (External acoustic meatus)
  • SVE (Motor - Innervation of the stylopharyngeus)
  • GVE (parasympathetic - parotid gland)
25
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve exits the brainstem from the postolivary sulcus and exits the skull through the jugular foramen.

26
Q

What reflexes do the glossopharyngeal nerve control?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve contains:

  • The afferent limb of the carotid sinus and carotid body reflexes.
  • The afferent limb of the gag reflex.
27
Q

What is the pathway of the tympanic nerve (branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve)?

A

The tympanic nerve branches of the glossopharyngeal go to the tympanic plexus –> passes through the hiatus of the lesser petrosal nerve and becomes the lesser petrosal nerve –> Passes through the foramen ovale –> mediates the otic ganglion –> parotid gland.

28
Q

Describe the pathway and branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

A
29
Q

What fibers does the vagus nerve consist of?

A

The vagus nerve consists of sensory, motor and parasympathetic fibers. More specifically:

  • SVA
  • GVA
  • GSA
  • SVE
  • GVE
30
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the brainstem and the skull?

A

The vagus nerve exits the brainstem through the postolivary sulcus (same as CN9) and exits the skull through the jugular foramen.

31
Q

What muscles does the vagus nerve innervate?

A

The vagus nerve innervates:

  • The muscles of the pharynx (not the stylopharyngeus)
  • Muscles of the larynx and palate (not tensor veli palatini)
  • Smooth muscles and glands of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus.
  • GVA from mucous membranes of lower pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus.
  • Taste around the epiglottis.
32
Q

What reflexes does the vagus nerve control?

A

The vagus nerve contains:

  • The afferent and efferent limb of the cough reflex.
  • The efferent limb of the sneeze reflex.
  • The efferent limb of the gag reflex.
33
Q

Describe the pathways and branches of the vagus nerve.

A
34
Q

What kind of fibers does the accessory nerve contain?

A

GSE fibers

35
Q

Where does the cranial part of the accessory nerve originate?

A

The cranial part of the accessory nerve originates in the postolivary sulcus and joins vagus nerve in laryngeal muscles.

36
Q

What does the spinal part of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate?

A

The spinal part of the glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.

37
Q

What foramina does the spinal and cranial part of the glossopharyngeal nerve go through?

A

Spinal part: Foramen magnum.

Cranial part: Jugular foramen.

38
Q

What kind of fiber is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

The hypoglossal nerve is a motor nerve.

39
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A

The hypoglossal nerve exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal.

40
Q

What muscles does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

The hypoglossal nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue ( except the palatoglossus - CN10)

41
Q

Describe all ganglions

A

Anatomy Head and Neck (4 decks)

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