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Nervous System > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

Causes of compression of the cranial nerves

A

Inflammation
Tumours
Fractures

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3
Q

Name the cranial nerves, from CN I - CN XII

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Oculomotor 
Trochlear 
Trigeminal 
Abducent 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal 
Vagus 
Accessory 
Hypoglossal
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4
Q

Types of fibre that may be contained in cranial nerves

A 
somatic motor 
autonomic motor 
visceral sensory 
general sensory 
special sensory
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5
Q

Function of somatic motor fibres

A

Supply striated muscles

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6
Q

Function of autonomic motor fibres

A

Cranial division of parasympathetic supply, innervates smooth muscle and glands

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7
Q

Function of visceral sensory fibres

A

Afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, lung, heart etc.

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8
Q

Function of general sensory fibres

A

Afferent inputs from skin and mucous membranes e.g. touch, temperature, pain

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9
Q

Function of special sensory fibres

A 
taste
smell
vision 
hearing 
balance
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10
Q

Function of olfactory nerve

A

Smell

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11
Q

Fibres in olfactory nerve

A

Special sensory

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12
Q

Pathway of olfactory nerve

A

Passes through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enters the olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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13
Q

Consequence of a tear in the olfactory nerve

A

Anosmia

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14
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the skull

A

Via optic canal

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15
Q

Optic nerves join to form

A

optic chiasm

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16
Q

Fibres from what half of the retina cross to form the optic tract?

A

Medial (nasal)

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17
Q

Type of fibre in the optic nerve

A

Special sensory

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18
Q

Section of the right optic nerve would cause blindness in what eye?

A

Right

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19
Q

Section of optic chiasm would cause what pattern of vision loss?

A

Bilateral hemianopia

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20
Q

Section of right optic tract would cause what pattern of vision loss?

A

Left homonymous hemianopia (blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields)

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21
Q

Path of oculomotor nerve

A

Emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Fibre types in oculomotor nerve

A

Somatic motor

Visceral motor

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23
Q

Muscles innervated by somatic motor fibres of the oculomotor nerve

A

Extraocular muscles

Levator palpebrae superioris

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24
Q

Function of visceral motor fibres of oculomotor nerve

A

Parasympathetic innervation to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens

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25
Q

Clinical term for drooping of the upper eyelid

A

Ptosis

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26
Q

Path of trochlear nerve

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of the midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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27
Q

Type of fibre in trochlear nerve

A

Somatic motor

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28
Q

Path of abducent nerve

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via superior orbital fissure

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29
Q

Type of fibre in abducent nerve

A

Somatic motor

30
Q

Branches of trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

31
Q

Path of ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion, exits via superior orbital fissure

32
Q

Type of fibre in ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

A

General sensory

33
Q

Path of maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion and exits via foramen rotundum

34
Q

Type of fibre in maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

A

General sensory

35
Q

Path of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion, exits via foramen ovale

36
Q

Type of fibre in mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A

General sensory

Somatic motor

37
Q

Muscles innervated by somatic motor fibres of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Muscles of mastication
Part of digastric muscle
Tensor veli palatinin
Tensor tympani

38
Q

Consequences of damage to mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication
Loss of corneal/sneezing reflex
Loss of sensation in the face
Trigeminal neuralgia

39
Q

Path of the facial nerve

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

40
Q

Type of fibre in facial nerve

A

Somatic motor
Visceral motor
Special sensory
General sensory

41
Q

Structures innervated by somatic motor fibres of the facial nerve

A

Muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle

42
Q

Structures innervated by visceral motor fibres of the facial nerve

A

Parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of the nose and palate

43
Q

Structures innervated by special sensory fibres of the facial nerve

A

Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue, soft palate

44
Q

What is facial nerve palsy also known as?

A

Bell’s palsy

45
Q

Path of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Emerges from between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular and cochlear nerves

46
Q

Type of fibre in vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Special sensory

47
Q

Function of special sensory fibres of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule to give sense of position and movement, hearing from spiral organ

48
Q

Consequences of damage to vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Deafness
Vertigo
Nystagmus

49
Q

Path of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

50
Q

Type of fibre in glossopharyngeal nerve

A 
Special sensory 
General sensory 
Visceral sensory 
Visceral motor 
Somatic motor
51
Q

Function of special sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

taste from posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

52
Q

Function of general sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity

53
Q

Function of visceral sensory fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Sensation from carotid body and carotid sinus

54
Q

Function of visceral motor fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland

55
Q

Function of somatic motor fibres of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

innervation to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing

56
Q

Consequence of damage to glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Loss of gag reflex and taste from posterior 1/3rd of tongue

57
Q

Path of vagus nerve

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

58
Q

Type of fibre in vagus nerve

A 
Special sensory 
General sensory 
Visceral sensory 
Visceral motor 
Somatic motor
59
Q

Function of special sensory fibres of vagus nerve

A

taste from epiglottis and palate

60
Q

Function of general sensory fibres of vagus nerve

A

sensation from auricle and external acoustic meatus

61
Q

Function of visceral sensory fibres of vagus nerve

A

sensation from pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach and intestines

62
Q

Function of visceral motor fibres of vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic innervation of muscles in bronchi, gut, heart

63
Q

Function of somatic motor fibres of vagus nerve

A

Innervation of pharynx, larynx, palate and oesophagus

64
Q

Consequence of damage to pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve

A

difficulty swallowing

65
Q

Consequence of damage to laryngeal branches of vagus nerve

A

difficulty speaking

66
Q

Path of accessory nerve

A

Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

67
Q

Type of fibre in accessory nerve

A

Somatic motor

68
Q

Structures innervated by somatic motor fibres of accessory nerve

A

Striated muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

69
Q

Consequence of damage to accessory nerve

A

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

70
Q

Path of hypoglossal nerve

A

Emerges from medulla and exits through hypoglossal canal

71
Q

Type of fibre in hypoglossal nerve

A

Somatic motor

72
Q

Structures innervated by hypoglossal nerve

A

muscles of tongue

Nervous System (44 decks)

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