Cerebral Hemispheres

Question 1

Which part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory and which part is motor?

Answer 1

Posterior - sensory

Anterior - motor

Question 2

Limbic system is involved in

Answer 2

storage and retrieval of processed information

Question 3

Where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 3

Frontal lobe, precentral gyrus

Question 4

Function of primary motor cortex

Answer 4

Somatotopic representation of contralateral half of the body

Question 5

Location of Broca’s area of motor speech

Answer 5

Inferior frontal gyrus (of dominant hemisphere)

Question 6

Brodmann area location of Broca’s area

Answer 6

area 44, 45

Question 7

Functions of prefrontal cortex

Answer 7

Cognitive functions of higher order e.g. intellect, judgement, prediction, planning

Question 8

Location of somatosensory cortex

Answer 8

Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe

Question 9

Function of post central gyrus

Answer 9

Primary sensory area - receives general sensations from contralateral half of the body

Question 10

Function of superior parietal lobule

Answer 10

Interpretation of general information and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

Question 11

Function of inferior parietal lobule

Answer 11

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas
Contributes to language functions in dominant hemisphere

Question 12

Location of primary auditory cortex

Answer 12

Superior temporal gyrus, areas 41, 42

Question 13

Location of Wernicke’s area

Answer 13

Temporal lobe of dominant hemisphere

Question 14

Functions of Wernicke’s area

Answer 14

Understanding spoken word

Connection with other language areas

Question 15

Function of inferior surface of temporal lobe

Answer 15

Receives fibres from olfactory tract to allow conscious appreciation of smell

Question 16

Location of primary visual cortex

Answer 16

Medial surface of occipital lobe on either side of calcarine sulcus

Question 17

Occipital lobe function

Answer 17

Interpretation of visual images

Question 18

Components of limbic lobe

Answer 18

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Amygdala

Question 19

Forebrain consists of

Answer 19

bilaterally paired diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

Where is the cerebral hemisphere derived from embryologically

Answer 20

Embryological telencephalon

Question 21

Diencephalon components

Answer 21

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus

Question 22

Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 22

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

Question 23

What divides the cerebral hemisphere into its lobes?

Answer 23

Gyri and sulci

Question 24

What separates the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 24

Lateral fissure

Question 25

What portion of the hypothalamus can be seen externally?

Answer 25

Ventral portion

Question 26

The hypothalamus extends medially and ventrally to the

Answer 26

subthalamus

Question 27

Function of hypothalamus

Answer 27

Influence on activity of ANS Connections with limbic system Neuroendocrine function

Question 28

Lateral wall of the third ventricle is formed by

Answer 28

the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 29

Dorsal aspects of the thalamus form

Answer 29

part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle

Question 30

Stria terminalis marks the boundary between

Answer 30

thalamus and caudate

Question 31

Highest level in the brain for control of movement is

Answer 31

the primary motor cortex

Question 32

Site of termination of the pathways carrying modalities of touch, pressure, pain and temperature from opposite side of body

Answer 32

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 33

What is lateralisation?

Answer 33

Localisation of brain function to either the left or right side of the brain, resulting in one hemisphere being more dominant than the other

Question 34

Motor speech area

Answer 34

Broca's area

Question 35

What is aphasia?

Answer 35

Communication disorder due to damage to one or more sensory areas in the brain

Question 36

What kid of aphasia will be present due to damage to Broca's area?

Answer 36

Expressive aphasia - patients understands speech and what they want to say but are unable to coordinate this into speech

Question 37

What kind of aphasia will be present due to damage to Wernicke's area?

Answer 37

Receptive aphasia - speech is fluent but will not make sense, patients won't understand speech and will be unaware of their own mistakes

Question 38

The cerebral hemispheres are connected by

Answer 38

corpus callosum

Question 39

The corpus callosum facilitates

Answer 39

communication between the two sides of the brain

Question 40

What kind of matter is in the corpus callosum?

Answer 40

White matter

Question 41

Fibres in the corpus callosum

Answer 41

commisural (transverse)

Question 42

Function of association fibres

Answer 42

Connect regions of the same hemisphere

Question 43

Function of projection fibres

Answer 43

Connect regions of the brain to other part of the brain or spinal cord

Question 44

Basal ganglia are a collection of

Answer 44

neuronal cell bodies at the base of the brain

Question 45

Components of basal ganglia

Answer 45

``` Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Lentiorm nucleus Substantia nigra Subthalamic nucleus ```

Question 46

Main basal ganglia

Answer 46

Caudate nucleus | Lentiform nucleus