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Module 8: Neurology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

List the cranial nerves in order

A

I - Olfactory

II - Optic

III - Oculomotor

IV - Trochlear

V - Trigeminal

VI - Abducent

VII - Facial

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

IX - Glossopharyngeal

X - Vagus

XI - Accessory

XII - Hypoglossal

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2
Q

What is the function of CN I?

A
  • Conscious smell perception
  • Axons from cell bodies -> ethmoturbinates -> cribiform plate -> olfactory bulb
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3
Q

What are signs of dysfunction of CN I and what does the clinical evaluation entail?

A
  • Hyposmia
  • Anosmia
  • Inappetance
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4
Q

What is the function of CN II?

A
  • Vision
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5
Q

How is function of CN II clinically evaluated?

A

Menace response

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6
Q

What is the function of CN III?

A
  • Innervates ipsilateral dorsal, ventral and medial recti muscles and ventral oblique muscle of the eye
  • Forms efferent arm of pupillary light reflex
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7
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN III and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Eye position
  • Pupillary light reflex
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8
Q

What is the function of CN IV?

A

Innervates contralateral dorsal oblique muscle of the eye

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9
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction fo CN IV and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Dorsolateral strabismus of contralateral eye
  • Cats have altered pupil orientation
  • Fundus examination
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10
Q

What is the function of CN V?

A
  • Sensory innervation of face (cornea, nasal septum, oral cavity)
  • Motor innervation to masticatory muscles (branches - mandibular, opthalmic, maxillary)
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11
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN V and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Masticatory muscle atrophy
  • Decreased jaw tone
  • Loss of facial sensation

Evaluated by:

  • Jaw tone
  • Size and symmetry of muscles
  • Corneal and palpebral reflexes
  • Nasal stimualtion and lip pinch
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12
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A
  • Innervates ipsilateral rectus muscle and retractor bulbi muscle of the eye
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13
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN VI and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Ipsilateral convergent strabismus
  • Loss of physiological nystagmus
  • Inability to retract eye ball

Assessed by:

  • Corneal reflex
  • Vestibular ocular reflex
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14
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A
  • Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression
  • Sensory innervation to rostral 2/3 of tongue
  • Parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal, mandibular and sublingual salivary glands
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15
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN VII and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Acute - ipsilateral ear and lip drooping; no blinking; keratoconjunctivitis sicca
  • Chronic - retracted lip

Evaluated by:

  • Palpebral response
  • Menace response
  • Lip pinch
  • Schirmer tear test
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16
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A
  • Hearing - cochlear n.
  • Vestibular function - adapts position of eye and body in relation to head position
  • Vestibular nerve transmits impulses from vestibular apparatus to vestibular nuclei
17
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN VIII and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Head tilt
  • Rolling
  • Nystagmus
  • Strabismus
  • Ataxia
  • Deafness

Evaluated by:

  • Body and head posture
  • Vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • BAER hearing test
18
Q

What is the function of CN IX and X?

A
  • Shared sensory and motor nuclei
  • Innervate larynx and palate
  • Parasymp. branch innervates parotid and zygomatic salivary glands and thoracic/abdominal viscera
  • Vagus - motor control of larynx, pharynx, oesophagus
19
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN XI and X and how are they clinically evaluated?

A
  • Dysphagia
  • Absent gag reflex
  • Dyspnoea
  • Dysphonea
  • Megaoesophagus

Evaluated by gag/swallow reflex

20
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A
  • Motor innervation to trapezius, sternocephalicus and brachiocephalicus muscles
21
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN XI and how is it clinically evaluated?

A
  • Deviation of neck
  • Not recognised clinically
22
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A
  • Motor innervation to tongue
23
Q

What are the signs of dysfunction of CN XII and how is it evaluated clinically?

A
  • Atrophy/deviation of tongue
  • Problems with prehension and deglutition

Evaluated by tongue tone and position

Module 8: Neurology (15 decks)

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