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unit 3 anatomy masterdeck > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are cranial nerves?

A
  • part of periphernal nervous system
  • sensory, motor, and parasympathetic nerve fibers that innervate the head and viscera
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2
Q

where do cranial nerves originate?

A

originate at the brain or brainstem. they are named in order, from anterior to posterior, where they emerge from the brain

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3
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A
  • 12 pairs (CNI-CNXII)
    + 3 pairs of sensory nerves
    + 5 pairs of motor nerves
    + 4 pairs of mixed nerves (both sensory and motor)
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4
Q

what are the 12 cranial nerves?

A
  • olfactory (I)
  • optic (II)
  • oculomotor (III)
  • trochlea (IV)
  • trigeminal (V)
  • abducens (VI)
  • facial (VII)
  • vestibulocochlear (VIII)
  • glossopharyngeal (IX)
  • vagus (X)
  • spinal accessory (XI)
  • hypoglossal (XII)
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5
Q

where do the olfactory and optic nerves attach?

A

they attach to the forebrain

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6
Q

which nerve extends past the head and neck?

A

the vagus nerve

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7
Q

is the olfactory nerve sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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8
Q

is the optic nerve sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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9
Q

is the oculomotor nerve sensory or motor?

A

motor

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10
Q

is the trochlear nerve sensory or motor?

A

motor

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11
Q

is the trigeminal nerve sensory or motor?

A

both

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12
Q

is the abducens nerve sensory or motor?

A

motor

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13
Q

is the facial nerve sensory or motor?

A

both

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14
Q

is the vestibulocochlear nerve sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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15
Q

is the glossopharyngeal nerve sensory or motor?

A

both

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16
Q

is the vagus nerve sensory or motor?

A

both

17
Q

is the spinal accessory nerve sensory or motor?

A

motor

18
Q

is the hypoglossal nerve sensory or motor?

A

motor

19
Q

what are the 3 sensory cranial nerves?

A

olfactory (CNI), optic (CNII), and vestibulocochlear (CNVIII)
- innervation for special sensory structures (smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing)

20
Q

what is the olfactory nerve?

A
  • sensory: olfaction (smell)
  • origin: olfactory epithelium of nose (terminate in posterior olfactory cortex)
21
Q

what is the optic nerve?

A
  • technically not a nerve, but a brain tract (still refered to as a nerve). junction between the two is called the optic chiasma
  • sensory: vision
  • origin: retina of the eye (terminate in primary visual cortex)
22
Q

what is the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A
  • sensory: hearing and balance (equilibrium)
  • origin: inner ear, enters brainstem at pons
23
Q

what are the 5 motor cranial nerves?

A

oculomotor (CNIII), trochlear (CN IV), abducens (CN VI), spinal accessory (CN XI), hypoglossal (CN XII)
- somatic motor fibers to skeletal muscles of eye, neck/back, and tongue

24
Q

what are the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves?

A
  • oculomotor: midbrain (parasympathetic)
  • trochlear: midbrain
  • abducens: pons
  • functions: all of these are primarily motor nerves to extrinsic eye muscles
25
Q

what are some problems with eye innervation?

A

when the nerves tht control the muscles that move the eye are damaged, lots of potential issues. conditions include strabismus (eyes not parallel), ptosis (drooping eyelids), and diplopia (double vision)

26
Q

what is the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

A

motor nerve to trapezius and sternoclomastoid muscles
origin: rootlets at cervical region of spinal cord

27
Q

what is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

A
  • hypo: below, glossal: tongue
  • motor to tongue muscles
  • origin: medulla oblongata
28
Q

what are the 4 mixed cranial nerves?

A
  • trigeminal (CN V)
  • facial (CN VII)
  • glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
  • vagus (CN X)
  • mixed nerves: sensory innervation to the face, mouth, and viscera and also motor inervation to pharyngeal arch muscles (chewing, facial expression)
29
Q

what is the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • three branches: V1 opthalmic, V2 maxillary, V3 mandibular
  • motor: V3 only (muscles of mastication)
  • sensory: V1, V2, and V3 (somatic sensory for face, oral cavity, nasal cavity, anterior 2/3 of tongue [not taste])
  • origin: sensory receptors to pons
30
Q

what is the facial nerve? (CN VII)

A
  • somatic motor: muscles of facial expression, 5 major motor branches
  • visceral motor (parasympathetic): lacrimal gland (tears), submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands (digestion), and nasal and palatine glands
  • sensory: taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), small patch at ear for somatic sensory
  • origin: pons
31
Q

what is the glossopharygeal (CN IX)?

A
  • somatic motor: stylopharyngeus muscle (swallowing)
  • visceral motor (parasympathetic): parotid salivary gland (involved with digestion)
  • sensory: general visceral sensory, taste posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  • origin: medulla oblongata
32
Q

what is the vagus nerve (CN X)?

A
  • somatic motor: larynx and pharyngeal muscles
  • visceral motor (parasympathetic): thoracoabdominal viscera through 2/3 of the intestines; regulates heartrate, breathing and digestive system activity
  • sensory: external auditory meatus and laryngopharynx. also visceral sensory from most thoracoabdominal viscera
  • origin: medulla oblongata
  • only cranial nerve to extend beyond head/neck
33
Q

describe the innervation of the tongue

A
  • taste (right side): vagus (backmost), glossopharyngeal (center), facial (front)
  • somatic sensation (left side): vagus (backmost), glossopharyngeal (posterior 1/3), mandibular (remaining part)
34
Q

what are the visceral motor (parasympathetic system)?

A
  • CN III: oculomotor (pupils)
  • CN VII: facial (lacrimal and salivary glands)
  • CN IX: glossopharyngeal (parotid salivary glands)
  • CN X: vagus (thoracoabdominal)

unit 3 anatomy masterdeck (9 decks)

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