Cranial Nerves Flashcards
CN I
olfactory nerve
CN II
optic nerve
CN VIII
vestibulo-cochlear nerve
CN III
occulomotor nerve
CN IV
trochlear nerve
CN VI
abducens nerve
CN XI
spinal accessory nerve
CN XII
hypoglossal nerve
CN V
trigeminal nerve
CN VII
facial nerve
CN IX
glossopharyngeal nerve
CN X
vagus nerve
Connected to the brain rostral to the mid brain
Actual evaginations from the central nervous system?
Cranial Nerves I and II
Functional Classification of Neurons?
Sensory neurons Association neurons Sensory association neurons Motor association neurons Motor neurons
Sends impulses to the CNS?
Sensory Neurons
Located in the cerebral and spinal ganglia, except for the mesencephalic nucleus, which is located in the middle pons and lower mid brain lateral to the iter?
Sensory Neurons
Carry impulses from one neuron to another?
Association Neurons
Sends impulses towards the effectors, which is usually a skeletal muscle?
Motor Neurons
Effector organs in the autonomic nervous system?
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Glands
Morphological Classification of Nerves?
Unipolar neuron
Pseudo-unipolar neuron
Bipolar neuron
Multipolarneuron
With a common stem dividing into an axon and a dendrite?
Pseudo-UnipolarNeurons
Two processes of Bipolar Neurons?
Axon
Dendrite
Axon is long and terminates far from where the nerve cell body lies?
Golgi Type I
Axon is short and terminates close to the cell body?
Golgi Type II
Classification of Sensory Neurons?
General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
General Visceral Afferent (GVA)
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
Stimulus comes from the skin, joints, tendons, skeletal muscles and bones which are carried towards the CNS?
General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
Can be found in both the cerebral and spinal ganglia?
General Somatic Afferent (GSA)
Stimulus comes from the visceral organs?
General Visceral Afferent (GVA)
Found in both the spinal and visceral ganglia
General Visceral Afferent (GVA)
Stimulus comes from the olfactory and gustatory areas, which are related to the digestive system?
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
Found only in cerebral ganglia?
Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)
Stimulus comes from the visual, auditory and vestibular areas?
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
Derived from the body wall during development (ectoderm) and found in cerebral ganglia?
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
Also known as Interneuronsor Internuncialneurons?
Association Neurons
Located between the sensory and motor neurons?
Association Neurons
Conduct nerve impulses from sensory neurons to the motor neurons and most numerous of the functional types of neurons?
Association Neurons
T or F:
Morphologically, all association neurons are multipolar except the bipolar cells located in the interlayer and ganglion cell layer of the retina?
T
Axons of these association neurons may either form part of a reflex arc or may form ascending or descending fiber tracts?
Association Neurons
In higher centers, association neurons are located in the?
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
Cerebellarcortex
Diencephalon
In the lower centers, association neurons are found in some?
Brainstem nuclei
Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb?
Olfactory nerve
Main sensory nucleus and nucleus of the trigeminal spinal tract?
Trigeminal nerve
Nucleus of the solitary tract?
Facial, Glossopharyngealand Vagusnerves
Association neuron for touch and pressure?
Main Sensory Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve
Association neuron for pain and temperature and association neuron for general somatic afferent impulses passing in the facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve?
Nucleus of the Trigeminal Spinal Tract
Association neuron for the facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve?
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Association neuron for visceral efferent impulses (both cranial and general) passing through the same cranial nerves?
Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Association Neurons of the CN VIII?
Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
Vestibular nuclei
Association neurons for impulses originating from the spiral ganglion of Corti?
Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
Association neurons for impulses arising from the Scarpa’sganglion?
Vestibular nuclei
Classification of Motor Neurons?
- General Somatic Efferent (GSE) or General Somatic Motor (GSM)
- Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) or Special Visceral Motor (SVM)
- General Visceral Efferent (GVE)
Motor Neurons of the Midbrain?
Upper and Lower midbrain
Axons pass in the oculomotor nerve and supply all the extra-ocular muscles, EXCEPT _____?
Lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles
Motor Neuron of the Middle Pons?
Motor Nucleus of the Trigeminal Nerve (SVE)
Motor Neuron of the Lower Pons?
AbducensNucleus (GSE)
Facial Motor Nucleus (SVE)
Superior SalivatoryNucleus (GVE)
Located in the pons, anterior to the floor of the fourth ventricle, near the midline?
Abducens Nucleus
Motor fibersto the lateral rectus?
Abducens Nucleus
Located in the lateral reticular formation of the caudal pons?
Facial Motor Nucleus
Motor fibers supply the muscles of facial expression?
Facial Motor Nucleus
Located posterolateral to the nucleus of CN VII?
Superior Salivatory Nucleus
Axons pass in the facial nerve and fibers divide into two groups which are?
- Synapse with the Sphenopalatine ganglion
- Synapse with the Submandibularganglion (postganglionic neuron), via the chordatympani branch
Motor Neurons of the Upper Medulla?
–Inferior salivatory nucleus (GVE)
–Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (GVE)
–Nucleus ambiguus(SVE)
–Hypoglossal nucleus (GSE)
Motor Neuron of the Lower Medulla?
Spinal accessory nucleus (SVE)
T or F:
Axons pass in the hypoglossal nerve to supply intrinsic or extrinsic muscles of the tongue and geniglosssi
F
Axons pass in the hypoglossal nerve to supply intrinsic AND extrinsic muscles of the tongue and geniglosssi
T or F:
Axons are preganglionic fibers passing in the vagus nerve and synapse with the parasympathetic ganglia, in the walls of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines up to the splenic flexure
T
In the intestines, the ganglia are the _______ and ________.
Myenteric ganglia and Meissner’s ganglia
Axons of these terminal ganglia are postganglionic fibers supplying the smooth muscles and glands in these organs as well as the cardiac muscles?
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of CN X
They join the fibers of the cranial roof and exit through the jugular foramen and separate from the cranial roof to supply the sternocleidomastoir and trapezius muscles?
Spinal Accessory Nucleus
